3rd semester files
This commit is contained in:
2002
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/Capacitor Button Smoothing Lab/aidan_sharpe.csv
Executable file
2002
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/Capacitor Button Smoothing Lab/aidan_sharpe.csv
Executable file
File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load Diff
32
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/DAC Lab/Report.log
Executable file
32
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/DAC Lab/Report.log
Executable file
@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
|
||||
This is pdfTeX, Version 3.141592653-2.6-1.40.22 (TeX Live 2021) (preloaded format=pdflatex 2022.12.13) 20 DEC 2022 13:20
|
||||
entering extended mode
|
||||
restricted \write18 enabled.
|
||||
%&-line parsing enabled.
|
||||
**Report.tex
|
||||
(./Report.tex
|
||||
LaTeX2e <2020-10-01> patch level 4
|
||||
L3 programming layer <2021-05-07>
|
||||
|
||||
! LaTeX Error: File `hitec.cls' not found.
|
||||
|
||||
Type X to quit or <RETURN> to proceed,
|
||||
or enter new name. (Default extension: cls)
|
||||
|
||||
Enter file name:
|
||||
! Emergency stop.
|
||||
<read *>
|
||||
|
||||
l.4 \usepackage
|
||||
{xfrac}^^M
|
||||
*** (cannot \read from terminal in nonstop modes)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Here is how much of TeX's memory you used:
|
||||
23 strings out of 480806
|
||||
456 string characters out of 5905150
|
||||
281494 words of memory out of 6000000
|
||||
17502 multiletter control sequences out of 15000+600000
|
||||
403430 words of font info for 27 fonts, out of 8000000 for 9000
|
||||
14 hyphenation exceptions out of 8191
|
||||
19i,0n,27p,66b,13s stack positions out of 5000i,500n,10000p,200000b,80000s
|
||||
! ==> Fatal error occurred, no output PDF file produced!
|
||||
118
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/DAC Lab/Report.tex
Executable file
118
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/DAC Lab/Report.tex
Executable file
@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
% DO NOT TOUCH THIS PART
|
||||
\documentclass{hitec}
|
||||
\usepackage{xfrac}
|
||||
\newcommand{\HT}{\textsc{\raisebox{0.1em}{h}\raisebox{-0.1em}{i}%
|
||||
\raisebox{0.1em}{t}\raisebox{-0.1em}{e}\raisebox{0.1em}{c} }}
|
||||
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
% Enter the title of either the lab or some other title you think fits
|
||||
\title{DAC Lab}
|
||||
|
||||
% Place you team members here
|
||||
\author{Aidan Sharpe and Elise Heim}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\company{Rowan University}
|
||||
\confidential{\textbf{-- ECE 09.203: Lab 3 --}}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
% Place the packages you want to use here.
|
||||
\usepackage{hyperref} % This line is readily omitted if it makes trouble
|
||||
\usepackage{graphicx}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{document}
|
||||
\maketitle
|
||||
\section{Abstract}
|
||||
This lab focused of the electrical behavior of a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuit. Circuit behavior was analyzed through Thévenin equivalence and observed with an oscilloscope to measure the output voltage at 16 input values.
|
||||
\\
|
||||
\\
|
||||
\noindent
|
||||
The circuit was constructed using 100 and 200 resistors in a 4-bit R-2R ladder configuration. This configuration allowed for binary inputs representing the values zero to fifteen. These values were proportional to the output voltage with zero at $0\%$ output and fifteen at $100\%$ output. This output voltage was then fed into an amplifier for further observation.
|
||||
|
||||
\section{Introduction}
|
||||
If you've ever listened to a .wav, .mp3, .flac, or any other audio format on a computer or mobile player, then you have used a digital-to-analog converter (DAC). The DAC is one of the most important devices for consumers. They are in almost every electronic device with an audio output including laptops, phones, Bluetooth speakers, and even the little lightning to headphone jack dongles for iPhones.
|
||||
\\
|
||||
\\
|
||||
\noindent
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\section{Background}
|
||||
Before breaking down the components of a DAC, it is important to first understand them conceptually. DACs work by converting a number to a voltage in a defined range. The input number is almost universally a base-two integer.
|
||||
\\
|
||||
\\
|
||||
\noindent
|
||||
Assuming that a DAC uhe number of output states is determined by the
|
||||
\\
|
||||
\\
|
||||
\noindent
|
||||
Bringing it back to the electrical world, capacitors can be charged by a voltage source and discharged through a closed circuit. It is also important to note that capacitors do not charge or discharge instantly. For this reason, capacitors are categorized as \textit{reactive components}.
|
||||
|
||||
\section{Procedure}
|
||||
The following steps were taken to create and measure the "button debouncing" circuit.
|
||||
\subsection{The Circuit}
|
||||
First, use a breadboard to create recreate the circuit modeled by Figure 1.
|
||||
\begin{figure}[h]
|
||||
\includegraphics[scale = .5]{R.png}
|
||||
\caption{Circuit with button and resistor}
|
||||
\label{fig:ResistorCircuit}
|
||||
\end{figure}
|
||||
\subsection{Setting Up the Scope}
|
||||
Begin by configuring the scope. Start by pressing the \textbf{Default Setup} button, and confirm that the button is connected to channel 1. The scaling of the display can be altered by using the \textbf{Vertical Scaling} knob, which is portrayed by \textbf{Volts/Division}, and the horizontal knob which shows as \textbf{Seconds/Division}. Next, set up the scope's triggering. Select the \textbf{Trigger Type} of \textbf{Edge}, with \textbf{1 Source}, measuring a \textbf{Falling Slope}. Then for the \textbf{Trigger Mode}, one could either utilize the \textbf{Single Run} mode or \textbf{Trigger Mode: Normal} settings.
|
||||
|
||||
\subsection{Capturing Bounce and Readjusting Scope}
|
||||
Next, capture the behavior of the button press. When pressed, the falling edge should be sharp. However, when the button is released, the rising edge will not be clean. Continue pressing the button until a bounce is recorded. Afterwards, alter the zoom using the \textbf{Horizontal Knob} and readjust the the Trigger by changing the slope to \textbf{Rising Edge} and the \textbf{Trigger Level} to 2.5V.
|
||||
\\
|
||||
\subsection{Measuring Waveforms}
|
||||
Now it is time to measure waveforms. This is the point when one realizes that they have never used this function of a scope before, and they need assistance. That is okay. If confident in abilities, one can start by pressing the \textbf{Cursors} button. The \textbf{Mode} should be set to \textbf{Manual}, there should be \textbf{1 Source}, and the X1 and X2 cursors should be enabled. Select X1 to control and use the \textbf{Cursors} knob to the beginning of a bounce. Place X2 on the other side of the bounce. The cursor panel will display the length of the bounce. Record this data.
|
||||
|
||||
\subsection{Debouncing Circuit}
|
||||
Design a circuit that resembles Figure 2 by adding a capacitor in parallel with the resistor.
|
||||
\begin{figure}[h]
|
||||
\includegraphics[scale = .5]{RC.png}
|
||||
\caption{Circuit with button and resistor}
|
||||
\label{fig:ResistorCircuit}
|
||||
\end{figure}
|
||||
\subsection{Calculations}
|
||||
As stated earlier, capacitors are \textit{reactive components}. In the case of RC circuits, the voltage across a capacitor is shown by Equation \ref{eq:v-time-RC}. Upon closer inspection, it becomes apparent that an ideal capacitor takes an infinite amount of time to fully charge. For this reason, it is often the case that the voltage is measured at 63\% since this quantity closely approximates easy-to-calculate quantity shown by Equation \ref{eq:time-tau-approx}.
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{equation}
|
||||
V_{cap}(t)=V_{in}(1 - e^{\sfrac{-t}{RC}})
|
||||
\label{eq:v-time-RC}
|
||||
\end{equation}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{equation}
|
||||
(1-e^{\sfrac{-RC}{RC}})\approx63\%
|
||||
\label{eq:time-tau-approx}
|
||||
\end{equation}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\section{Evaluation and Results}
|
||||
|
||||
The 27k$\Omega$ resistor was chosen because 27 is one of the lab partner's favorite numbers. A 220 pF capacitor was originally chosen for the debouncing circuit because it was a nice shade of blue, but it was too small to have a significant enough impact on the circuit. The bounce was still apparent. Therefore, it was swapped out for a 1000pF yellow capacitor instead (a much less visually attractive color). This neutralized the bounce, seen in Figure \ref{fig:smooth}.
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{figure}[h]
|
||||
\centering
|
||||
\includegraphics[scale = .5]{Smooth.png}
|
||||
\caption{Smooth voltage changes from circuit with 1000pF capacitor.}
|
||||
\label{fig:smooth}
|
||||
\end{figure}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\subsection{Measurement Uncertainty}
|
||||
The resistors in the lab have a $\pm5\%$ tolerance. While the resistor may have an approximate value of 27000$\Omega$, this really can vary between 25650$\Omega$-28350$\Omega$. This impacts the circuit because the exact values of the debouncing circuit will be altered through propagation of error. The scope also has a degree of uncertainty. This means that the exact values measured on the scope may be just a little bit off. Additionally, all components utilized are impacted by their temperature.
|
||||
|
||||
\section{Discussion/Conclusions}
|
||||
The "debouncing" circuit was quite effective at smoothing voltage change over time. Additionally, since the circuit is both cheap and easy to construct, all electrical engineers should have this tool in their back pocket whenever working with buttons. There really is no excuse for unintentional button bounce.
|
||||
\\
|
||||
\\
|
||||
\noindent
|
||||
At the end of the day, you might not ever get your money back from that sketchy arcade machine. However, the engineers behind it were obviously not competent, so you are probably better of staying away from that cabinet anyway.
|
||||
\end{document}
|
||||
|
||||
38
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/Final Project/1075028.acsm
Executable file
38
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/Final Project/1075028.acsm
Executable file
@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
|
||||
<fulfillmentToken fulfillmentType="loan" auth="user" xmlns="http://ns.adobe.com/adept">
|
||||
<distributor>urn:uuid:9cb786e8-586a-4950-8901-fff8d2ee6025</distributor>
|
||||
<operatorURL>https://acs.ebookcentral.proquest.com/fulfillment</operatorURL>
|
||||
<transaction>1075028_376947427</transaction>
|
||||
<purchase>2023-01-05T19:56:32+00:00</purchase>
|
||||
<expiration>2023-01-06T01:56:32+00:00</expiration>
|
||||
<resourceItemInfo>
|
||||
<resource>urn:uuid:00000000-0000-0000-0000-000001075028</resource>
|
||||
<resourceItem>0</resourceItem>
|
||||
<metadata>
|
||||
<dc:title xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/">Grid-Connected Solar Electric Systems</dc:title>
|
||||
<dc:creator xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/">Stapleton, Geoff;Neill, Susan;Global Sustainable Energy Solutions Pty Ltd,;Neill, Susan;</dc:creator>
|
||||
<dc:publisher xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/">Taylor & Francis Group</dc:publisher>
|
||||
<dc:identifier xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/">1075028</dc:identifier>
|
||||
<dc:format xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/">application/pdf</dc:format>
|
||||
</metadata>
|
||||
<licenseToken>
|
||||
<resource>urn:uuid:00000000-0000-0000-0000-000001075028</resource>
|
||||
<permissions>
|
||||
<display>
|
||||
<duration>31535999</duration>
|
||||
</display>
|
||||
<excerpt>
|
||||
<duration>31535999</duration>
|
||||
<count initial="37" max="37" incrementInterval="852324"/>
|
||||
</excerpt>
|
||||
<print>
|
||||
<duration>31535999</duration>
|
||||
<count initial="61" max="61" incrementInterval="516983"/>
|
||||
</print>
|
||||
<play>
|
||||
<duration>31535999</duration>
|
||||
</play>
|
||||
</permissions>
|
||||
</licenseToken>
|
||||
</resourceItemInfo>
|
||||
<hmac>ihDdpCs6LfDR+laQFcyqc2tMg3Y=</hmac>
|
||||
</fulfillmentToken>
|
||||
19
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/Final Project/AC-Power.dat
Executable file
19
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/Final Project/AC-Power.dat
Executable file
@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
|
||||
<Qucs Dataset 0.0.19>
|
||||
<indep acfrequency 1>
|
||||
+6.00000000000000000000e+01
|
||||
</indep>
|
||||
<dep V1.i acfrequency>
|
||||
-8.53607962061230864492e+02-j1.89353414498951053702e+01
|
||||
</dep>
|
||||
<dep Vin.v acfrequency>
|
||||
+1.70000000000000000000e+02
|
||||
</dep>
|
||||
<dep VC.v acfrequency>
|
||||
+1.69758734975671160328e+02-j6.39975353618718223458e+00
|
||||
</dep>
|
||||
<dep VR.v acfrequency>
|
||||
+8.50000000000000000000e+01
|
||||
</dep>
|
||||
<dep VL.v acfrequency>
|
||||
+1.69880468818205713433e+02+j4.50621939119767134230e+00
|
||||
</dep>
|
||||
0
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/Final Project/AC-Power.dpl
Executable file
0
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/Final Project/AC-Power.dpl
Executable file
53
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/Final Project/AC-Power.sch
Executable file
53
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/Final Project/AC-Power.sch
Executable file
@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
|
||||
<Qucs Schematic 0.0.19>
|
||||
<Properties>
|
||||
<View=0,0,800,879,1,0,0>
|
||||
<Grid=10,10,1>
|
||||
<DataSet=AC-Power.dat>
|
||||
<DataDisplay=AC-Power.dpl>
|
||||
<OpenDisplay=1>
|
||||
<Script=AC-Power.m>
|
||||
<RunScript=0>
|
||||
<showFrame=0>
|
||||
<FrameText0=Title>
|
||||
<FrameText1=Drawn By:>
|
||||
<FrameText2=Date:>
|
||||
<FrameText3=Revision:>
|
||||
</Properties>
|
||||
<Symbol>
|
||||
</Symbol>
|
||||
<Components>
|
||||
<L L1 1 590 650 -26 10 0 0 "10 mH" 1 "" 0>
|
||||
<GND * 1 690 660 0 0 0 0>
|
||||
<GND * 1 550 570 0 0 0 0>
|
||||
<GND * 1 550 400 0 0 0 0>
|
||||
<R R1 1 480 270 -26 15 0 0 "0.1 Ohm" 1 "26.85" 0 "0.0" 0 "0.0" 0 "26.85" 0 "US" 0>
|
||||
<R R2 1 460 440 -26 15 0 0 "0.1 Ohm" 1 "26.85" 0 "0.0" 0 "0.0" 0 "26.85" 0 "US" 0>
|
||||
<R R3 1 450 650 -26 15 0 0 "0.1 Ohm" 1 "26.85" 0 "0.0" 0 "0.0" 0 "26.85" 0 "US" 0>
|
||||
<R R4 1 550 360 15 -26 0 1 "0.1 Ohm" 1 "26.85" 0 "0.0" 0 "0.0" 0 "26.85" 0 "US" 0>
|
||||
<C C1 1 550 520 17 -26 0 1 "1 mF" 1 "" 0 "neutral" 0>
|
||||
<GND * 1 280 510 0 0 0 0>
|
||||
<Vac V1 1 280 410 18 -26 0 1 "170 V" 1 "60 Hz" 0 "0" 0 "0" 0>
|
||||
</Components>
|
||||
<Wires>
|
||||
<410 270 410 440 "" 0 0 0 "">
|
||||
<550 270 550 330 "" 0 0 0 "">
|
||||
<510 270 550 270 "" 0 0 0 "">
|
||||
<410 270 450 270 "" 0 0 0 "">
|
||||
<490 440 550 440 "" 0 0 0 "">
|
||||
<410 440 430 440 "" 0 0 0 "">
|
||||
<550 440 550 490 "" 0 0 0 "">
|
||||
<620 650 690 650 "" 0 0 0 "">
|
||||
<690 650 690 660 "" 0 0 0 "">
|
||||
<550 550 550 570 "" 0 0 0 "">
|
||||
<550 390 550 400 "" 0 0 0 "">
|
||||
<480 650 560 650 "" 0 0 0 "">
|
||||
<410 440 410 650 "" 0 0 0 "">
|
||||
<410 650 420 650 "" 0 0 0 "">
|
||||
<280 440 280 510 "" 0 0 0 "">
|
||||
<280 270 410 270 "Vin" 290 230 77 "">
|
||||
<280 270 280 380 "" 0 0 0 "">
|
||||
</Wires>
|
||||
<Diagrams>
|
||||
</Diagrams>
|
||||
<Paintings>
|
||||
</Paintings>
|
||||
BIN
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/Final Project/ACShifts.png
Executable file
BIN
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/Final Project/ACShifts.png
Executable file
Binary file not shown.
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 293 KiB |
BIN
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/Final Project/DifferentAmplitude.png
Executable file
BIN
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/Final Project/DifferentAmplitude.png
Executable file
Binary file not shown.
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 51 KiB |
BIN
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/Final Project/DifferentFrequency.png
Executable file
BIN
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/Final Project/DifferentFrequency.png
Executable file
Binary file not shown.
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 59 KiB |
BIN
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/Final Project/DifferentPhase.png
Executable file
BIN
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/Final Project/DifferentPhase.png
Executable file
Binary file not shown.
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 45 KiB |
BIN
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/Final Project/DomesticSolarModel.png
Executable file
BIN
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/Final Project/DomesticSolarModel.png
Executable file
Binary file not shown.
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 93 KiB |
BIN
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/Final Project/FullBridgeRectifier.png
Executable file
BIN
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/Final Project/FullBridgeRectifier.png
Executable file
Binary file not shown.
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 5.7 KiB |
File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load Diff
189122
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/Final Project/HandbookOfPhotovoltaicSilicon.pdf
Executable file
189122
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/Final Project/HandbookOfPhotovoltaicSilicon.pdf
Executable file
File diff suppressed because one or more lines are too long
6347
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/Final Project/IEEEtran.cls
Executable file
6347
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/Final Project/IEEEtran.cls
Executable file
File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load Diff
31
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/Final Project/Report.aux
Executable file
31
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/Final Project/Report.aux
Executable file
@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
|
||||
\relax
|
||||
\citation{Yang2019}
|
||||
\citation{Yang2019}
|
||||
\citation{Luque2011}
|
||||
\citation{Luque2011}
|
||||
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {I}Introduction}{1}{}\protected@file@percent }
|
||||
\newlabel{eq:rms}{{1}{1}}
|
||||
\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {1}{\ignorespaces How amplitude, frequency, and phase-shift affect a function}}{1}{}\protected@file@percent }
|
||||
\newlabel{fig:acpower}{{1}{1}}
|
||||
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {II}How do PV Cells Work?}{1}{}\protected@file@percent }
|
||||
\citation{Transformer}
|
||||
\citation{Stapleton2011}
|
||||
\citation{Stapleton2011}
|
||||
\citation{Stapleton2011}
|
||||
\bibdata{bib}
|
||||
\bibcite{Yang2019}{{1}{}{{}}{{}}}
|
||||
\bibcite{Luque2011}{{2}{}{{}}{{}}}
|
||||
\bibcite{Transformer}{{3}{}{{}}{{}}}
|
||||
\bibcite{Stapleton2011}{{4}{}{{}}{{}}}
|
||||
\bibstyle{ieeetr}
|
||||
\providecommand\NAT@force@numbers{}\NAT@force@numbers
|
||||
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {III}How does the Grid Work?}{2}{}\protected@file@percent }
|
||||
\newlabel{eq:ac}{{2}{2}}
|
||||
\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2}{\ignorespaces Step up transformer \citep {Transformer}}}{2}{}\protected@file@percent }
|
||||
\newlabel{fig:transformer}{{2}{2}}
|
||||
\newlabel{eq:pwrLoss}{{3}{2}}
|
||||
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {IV}DC Sources on an AC Grid}{2}{}\protected@file@percent }
|
||||
\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3}{\ignorespaces Model of domestic grid-enabled solar system \citep {Stapleton2011}}}{2}{}\protected@file@percent }
|
||||
\newlabel{fig:domestic}{{3}{2}}
|
||||
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {V}Conclusions}{2}{}\protected@file@percent }
|
||||
\gdef \@abspage@last{2}
|
||||
19
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/Final Project/Report.bbl
Executable file
19
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/Final Project/Report.bbl
Executable file
@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
|
||||
\begin{thebibliography}{1}
|
||||
|
||||
\bibitem{Yang2019}
|
||||
D.~Yang, {\em Handbook of Photovoltaic Silicon}.
|
||||
\newblock 2019.
|
||||
|
||||
\bibitem{Luque2011}
|
||||
A.~Luque and S.~Hegedus, {\em Handbook of Solar Photovoltaic Science}.
|
||||
\newblock Wiley, 2~ed., 2011.
|
||||
|
||||
\bibitem{Transformer}
|
||||
P.~Transformers, ``Step-up transformer working and specification -
|
||||
manufacturers and exporters,'' 2013.
|
||||
|
||||
\bibitem{Stapleton2011}
|
||||
G.~Stapleton, {\em Grid-Connected Solar Electric Systems : The Earthscan Expert
|
||||
Handbook for Planning, Design and Installation}.
|
||||
|
||||
\end{thebibliography}
|
||||
62
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/Final Project/Report.blg
Executable file
62
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/Final Project/Report.blg
Executable file
@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
|
||||
This is BibTeX, Version 0.99d (TeX Live 2021)
|
||||
Capacity: max_strings=200000, hash_size=200000, hash_prime=170003
|
||||
The top-level auxiliary file: Report.aux
|
||||
The style file: ieeetr.bst
|
||||
Database file #1: bib.bib
|
||||
Warning--entry type for "Transformer" isn't style-file defined
|
||||
--line 1 of file bib.bib
|
||||
I was expecting a `,' or a `}'---line 14 of file bib.bib
|
||||
:
|
||||
: editor = {Deren Yang},
|
||||
(Error may have been on previous line)
|
||||
I'm skipping whatever remains of this entry
|
||||
Illegal end of database file---line 35 of file bib.bib
|
||||
:
|
||||
:
|
||||
(Error may have been on previous line)
|
||||
I'm skipping whatever remains of this entry
|
||||
Warning--empty publisher in Yang2019
|
||||
Warning--empty publisher in Stapleton2011
|
||||
Warning--empty year in Stapleton2011
|
||||
You've used 4 entries,
|
||||
1876 wiz_defined-function locations,
|
||||
497 strings with 3897 characters,
|
||||
and the built_in function-call counts, 595 in all, are:
|
||||
= -- 49
|
||||
> -- 20
|
||||
< -- 0
|
||||
+ -- 9
|
||||
- -- 5
|
||||
* -- 30
|
||||
:= -- 91
|
||||
add.period$ -- 6
|
||||
call.type$ -- 4
|
||||
change.case$ -- 2
|
||||
chr.to.int$ -- 0
|
||||
cite$ -- 7
|
||||
duplicate$ -- 31
|
||||
empty$ -- 77
|
||||
format.name$ -- 5
|
||||
if$ -- 144
|
||||
int.to.chr$ -- 0
|
||||
int.to.str$ -- 4
|
||||
missing$ -- 6
|
||||
newline$ -- 17
|
||||
num.names$ -- 4
|
||||
pop$ -- 27
|
||||
preamble$ -- 1
|
||||
purify$ -- 0
|
||||
quote$ -- 0
|
||||
skip$ -- 8
|
||||
stack$ -- 0
|
||||
substring$ -- 0
|
||||
swap$ -- 3
|
||||
text.length$ -- 0
|
||||
text.prefix$ -- 0
|
||||
top$ -- 0
|
||||
type$ -- 0
|
||||
warning$ -- 3
|
||||
while$ -- 4
|
||||
width$ -- 5
|
||||
write$ -- 33
|
||||
(There were 2 error messages)
|
||||
259
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/Final Project/Report.log
Executable file
259
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/Final Project/Report.log
Executable file
@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
|
||||
This is pdfTeX, Version 3.141592653-2.6-1.40.22 (TeX Live 2021) (preloaded format=pdflatex 2022.12.13) 22 DEC 2022 23:11
|
||||
entering extended mode
|
||||
restricted \write18 enabled.
|
||||
%&-line parsing enabled.
|
||||
**Report.tex
|
||||
(./Report.tex
|
||||
LaTeX2e <2020-10-01> patch level 4
|
||||
L3 programming layer <2021-05-07> (./IEEEtran.cls
|
||||
Document Class: IEEEtran 2015/08/26 V1.8b by Michael Shell
|
||||
-- See the "IEEEtran_HOWTO" manual for usage information.
|
||||
-- http://www.michaelshell.org/tex/ieeetran/
|
||||
\@IEEEtrantmpdimenA=\dimen138
|
||||
\@IEEEtrantmpdimenB=\dimen139
|
||||
\@IEEEtrantmpdimenC=\dimen140
|
||||
\@IEEEtrantmpcountA=\count179
|
||||
\@IEEEtrantmpcountB=\count180
|
||||
\@IEEEtrantmpcountC=\count181
|
||||
\@IEEEtrantmptoksA=\toks15
|
||||
LaTeX Font Info: Trying to load font information for OT1+ptm on input line 5
|
||||
03.
|
||||
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/psnfss/ot1ptm.fd
|
||||
File: ot1ptm.fd 2001/06/04 font definitions for OT1/ptm.
|
||||
)
|
||||
-- Using 8.5in x 11in (letter) paper.
|
||||
-- Using PDF output.
|
||||
\@IEEEnormalsizeunitybaselineskip=\dimen141
|
||||
-- This is a 10 point document.
|
||||
\CLASSINFOnormalsizebaselineskip=\dimen142
|
||||
\CLASSINFOnormalsizeunitybaselineskip=\dimen143
|
||||
\IEEEnormaljot=\dimen144
|
||||
LaTeX Font Info: Font shape `OT1/ptm/bx/n' in size <5> not available
|
||||
(Font) Font shape `OT1/ptm/b/n' tried instead on input line 1090.
|
||||
LaTeX Font Info: Font shape `OT1/ptm/bx/it' in size <5> not available
|
||||
(Font) Font shape `OT1/ptm/b/it' tried instead on input line 1090.
|
||||
|
||||
LaTeX Font Info: Font shape `OT1/ptm/bx/n' in size <7> not available
|
||||
(Font) Font shape `OT1/ptm/b/n' tried instead on input line 1090.
|
||||
LaTeX Font Info: Font shape `OT1/ptm/bx/it' in size <7> not available
|
||||
(Font) Font shape `OT1/ptm/b/it' tried instead on input line 1090.
|
||||
|
||||
LaTeX Font Info: Font shape `OT1/ptm/bx/n' in size <8> not available
|
||||
(Font) Font shape `OT1/ptm/b/n' tried instead on input line 1090.
|
||||
LaTeX Font Info: Font shape `OT1/ptm/bx/it' in size <8> not available
|
||||
(Font) Font shape `OT1/ptm/b/it' tried instead on input line 1090.
|
||||
|
||||
LaTeX Font Info: Font shape `OT1/ptm/bx/n' in size <9> not available
|
||||
(Font) Font shape `OT1/ptm/b/n' tried instead on input line 1090.
|
||||
LaTeX Font Info: Font shape `OT1/ptm/bx/it' in size <9> not available
|
||||
(Font) Font shape `OT1/ptm/b/it' tried instead on input line 1090.
|
||||
|
||||
LaTeX Font Info: Font shape `OT1/ptm/bx/n' in size <10> not available
|
||||
(Font) Font shape `OT1/ptm/b/n' tried instead on input line 1090.
|
||||
LaTeX Font Info: Font shape `OT1/ptm/bx/it' in size <10> not available
|
||||
(Font) Font shape `OT1/ptm/b/it' tried instead on input line 1090.
|
||||
|
||||
LaTeX Font Info: Font shape `OT1/ptm/bx/n' in size <11> not available
|
||||
(Font) Font shape `OT1/ptm/b/n' tried instead on input line 1090.
|
||||
LaTeX Font Info: Font shape `OT1/ptm/bx/it' in size <11> not available
|
||||
(Font) Font shape `OT1/ptm/b/it' tried instead on input line 1090.
|
||||
|
||||
LaTeX Font Info: Font shape `OT1/ptm/bx/n' in size <12> not available
|
||||
(Font) Font shape `OT1/ptm/b/n' tried instead on input line 1090.
|
||||
LaTeX Font Info: Font shape `OT1/ptm/bx/it' in size <12> not available
|
||||
(Font) Font shape `OT1/ptm/b/it' tried instead on input line 1090.
|
||||
|
||||
LaTeX Font Info: Font shape `OT1/ptm/bx/n' in size <17> not available
|
||||
(Font) Font shape `OT1/ptm/b/n' tried instead on input line 1090.
|
||||
LaTeX Font Info: Font shape `OT1/ptm/bx/it' in size <17> not available
|
||||
(Font) Font shape `OT1/ptm/b/it' tried instead on input line 1090.
|
||||
|
||||
LaTeX Font Info: Font shape `OT1/ptm/bx/n' in size <20> not available
|
||||
(Font) Font shape `OT1/ptm/b/n' tried instead on input line 1090.
|
||||
LaTeX Font Info: Font shape `OT1/ptm/bx/it' in size <20> not available
|
||||
(Font) Font shape `OT1/ptm/b/it' tried instead on input line 1090.
|
||||
|
||||
LaTeX Font Info: Font shape `OT1/ptm/bx/n' in size <24> not available
|
||||
(Font) Font shape `OT1/ptm/b/n' tried instead on input line 1090.
|
||||
LaTeX Font Info: Font shape `OT1/ptm/bx/it' in size <24> not available
|
||||
(Font) Font shape `OT1/ptm/b/it' tried instead on input line 1090.
|
||||
|
||||
\IEEEquantizedlength=\dimen145
|
||||
\IEEEquantizedlengthdiff=\dimen146
|
||||
\IEEEquantizedtextheightdiff=\dimen147
|
||||
\IEEEilabelindentA=\dimen148
|
||||
\IEEEilabelindentB=\dimen149
|
||||
\IEEEilabelindent=\dimen150
|
||||
\IEEEelabelindent=\dimen151
|
||||
\IEEEdlabelindent=\dimen152
|
||||
\IEEElabelindent=\dimen153
|
||||
\IEEEiednormlabelsep=\dimen154
|
||||
\IEEEiedmathlabelsep=\dimen155
|
||||
\IEEEiedtopsep=\skip47
|
||||
\c@section=\count182
|
||||
\c@subsection=\count183
|
||||
\c@subsubsection=\count184
|
||||
\c@paragraph=\count185
|
||||
\c@IEEEsubequation=\count186
|
||||
\abovecaptionskip=\skip48
|
||||
\belowcaptionskip=\skip49
|
||||
\c@figure=\count187
|
||||
\c@table=\count188
|
||||
\@IEEEeqnnumcols=\count189
|
||||
\@IEEEeqncolcnt=\count190
|
||||
\@IEEEsubeqnnumrollback=\count191
|
||||
\@IEEEquantizeheightA=\dimen156
|
||||
\@IEEEquantizeheightB=\dimen157
|
||||
\@IEEEquantizeheightC=\dimen158
|
||||
\@IEEEquantizeprevdepth=\dimen159
|
||||
\@IEEEquantizemultiple=\count192
|
||||
\@IEEEquantizeboxA=\box47
|
||||
\@IEEEtmpitemindent=\dimen160
|
||||
\IEEEPARstartletwidth=\dimen161
|
||||
\c@IEEEbiography=\count193
|
||||
\@IEEEtranrubishbin=\box48
|
||||
) (/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/graphics/graphicx.sty
|
||||
Package: graphicx 2020/09/09 v1.2b Enhanced LaTeX Graphics (DPC,SPQR)
|
||||
|
||||
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/graphics/keyval.sty
|
||||
Package: keyval 2014/10/28 v1.15 key=value parser (DPC)
|
||||
\KV@toks@=\toks16
|
||||
)
|
||||
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/graphics/graphics.sty
|
||||
Package: graphics 2020/08/30 v1.4c Standard LaTeX Graphics (DPC,SPQR)
|
||||
|
||||
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/graphics/trig.sty
|
||||
Package: trig 2016/01/03 v1.10 sin cos tan (DPC)
|
||||
)
|
||||
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/graphics-cfg/graphics.cfg
|
||||
File: graphics.cfg 2016/06/04 v1.11 sample graphics configuration
|
||||
)
|
||||
Package graphics Info: Driver file: pdftex.def on input line 105.
|
||||
|
||||
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/graphics-def/pdftex.def
|
||||
File: pdftex.def 2020/10/05 v1.2a Graphics/color driver for pdftex
|
||||
))
|
||||
\Gin@req@height=\dimen162
|
||||
\Gin@req@width=\dimen163
|
||||
)
|
||||
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/natbib/natbib.sty
|
||||
Package: natbib 2010/09/13 8.31b (PWD, AO)
|
||||
\bibhang=\skip50
|
||||
\bibsep=\skip51
|
||||
LaTeX Info: Redefining \cite on input line 694.
|
||||
\c@NAT@ctr=\count194
|
||||
)
|
||||
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/l3backend/l3backend-pdftex.def
|
||||
File: l3backend-pdftex.def 2021-05-07 L3 backend support: PDF output (pdfTeX)
|
||||
\l__color_backend_stack_int=\count195
|
||||
\l__pdf_internal_box=\box49
|
||||
)
|
||||
(./Report.aux
|
||||
|
||||
! Package natbib Error: Bibliography not compatible with author-year citations.
|
||||
|
||||
(natbib) Press <return> to continue in numerical citation style.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
See the natbib package documentation for explanation.
|
||||
Type H <return> for immediate help.
|
||||
...
|
||||
|
||||
l.21 ...mand\NAT@force@numbers{}\NAT@force@numbers
|
||||
|
||||
Check the bibliography entries for non-compliant syntax,
|
||||
or select author-year BibTeX style, e.g. plainnat
|
||||
|
||||
)
|
||||
\openout1 = `Report.aux'.
|
||||
|
||||
LaTeX Font Info: Checking defaults for OML/cmm/m/it on input line 9.
|
||||
LaTeX Font Info: ... okay on input line 9.
|
||||
LaTeX Font Info: Checking defaults for OMS/cmsy/m/n on input line 9.
|
||||
LaTeX Font Info: ... okay on input line 9.
|
||||
LaTeX Font Info: Checking defaults for OT1/cmr/m/n on input line 9.
|
||||
LaTeX Font Info: ... okay on input line 9.
|
||||
LaTeX Font Info: Checking defaults for T1/cmr/m/n on input line 9.
|
||||
LaTeX Font Info: ... okay on input line 9.
|
||||
LaTeX Font Info: Checking defaults for TS1/cmr/m/n on input line 9.
|
||||
LaTeX Font Info: ... okay on input line 9.
|
||||
LaTeX Font Info: Checking defaults for OMX/cmex/m/n on input line 9.
|
||||
LaTeX Font Info: ... okay on input line 9.
|
||||
LaTeX Font Info: Checking defaults for U/cmr/m/n on input line 9.
|
||||
LaTeX Font Info: ... okay on input line 9.
|
||||
|
||||
-- Lines per column: 58 (exact).
|
||||
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/context/base/mkii/supp-pdf.mkii
|
||||
[Loading MPS to PDF converter (version 2006.09.02).]
|
||||
\scratchcounter=\count196
|
||||
\scratchdimen=\dimen164
|
||||
\scratchbox=\box50
|
||||
\nofMPsegments=\count197
|
||||
\nofMParguments=\count198
|
||||
\everyMPshowfont=\toks17
|
||||
\MPscratchCnt=\count199
|
||||
\MPscratchDim=\dimen165
|
||||
\MPnumerator=\count266
|
||||
\makeMPintoPDFobject=\count267
|
||||
\everyMPtoPDFconversion=\toks18
|
||||
) (/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/epstopdf-pkg/epstopdf-base.sty
|
||||
Package: epstopdf-base 2020-01-24 v2.11 Base part for package epstopdf
|
||||
Package epstopdf-base Info: Redefining graphics rule for `.eps' on input line 4
|
||||
85.
|
||||
|
||||
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/latexconfig/epstopdf-sys.cfg
|
||||
File: epstopdf-sys.cfg 2010/07/13 v1.3 Configuration of (r)epstopdf for TeX Liv
|
||||
e
|
||||
))
|
||||
LaTeX Font Info: External font `cmex10' loaded for size
|
||||
(Font) <7> on input line 20.
|
||||
LaTeX Font Info: External font `cmex10' loaded for size
|
||||
(Font) <5> on input line 20.
|
||||
<ACShifts.png, id=1, 264.0264pt x 583.9416pt>
|
||||
File: ACShifts.png Graphic file (type png)
|
||||
<use ACShifts.png>
|
||||
Package pdftex.def Info: ACShifts.png used on input line 30.
|
||||
(pdftex.def) Requested size: 158.41705pt x 350.36766pt.
|
||||
|
||||
[1{/usr/share/texlive/texmf-var/fonts/map/pdftex/updmap/pdftex.map}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<./ACShifts.png>]
|
||||
<step-up-transformer.png, id=20, 427.5975pt x 250.9375pt>
|
||||
File: step-up-transformer.png Graphic file (type png)
|
||||
<use step-up-transformer.png>
|
||||
Package pdftex.def Info: step-up-transformer.png used on input line 56.
|
||||
(pdftex.def) Requested size: 171.03596pt x 100.37321pt.
|
||||
<DomesticSolarModel.png, id=21, 445.665pt x 321.2pt>
|
||||
File: DomesticSolarModel.png Graphic file (type png)
|
||||
<use DomesticSolarModel.png>
|
||||
Package pdftex.def Info: DomesticSolarModel.png used on input line 78.
|
||||
(pdftex.def) Requested size: 200.5474pt x 144.53867pt.
|
||||
(./Report.bbl) [2 <./step-up-transformer.png> <./DomesticSolarModel.png>] (./R
|
||||
eport.aux) )
|
||||
Here is how much of TeX's memory you used:
|
||||
2394 strings out of 480806
|
||||
39640 string characters out of 5905150
|
||||
340594 words of memory out of 6000000
|
||||
19798 multiletter control sequences out of 15000+600000
|
||||
436020 words of font info for 79 fonts, out of 8000000 for 9000
|
||||
14 hyphenation exceptions out of 8191
|
||||
55i,7n,62p,1028b,217s stack positions out of 5000i,500n,10000p,200000b,80000s
|
||||
{/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/fonts/enc/dvips/base/8r.enc}</usr/sh
|
||||
are/texlive/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmex10.pfb></usr/share/te
|
||||
xlive/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmmi10.pfb></usr/share/texlive/
|
||||
texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmmi7.pfb></usr/share/texlive/texmf-d
|
||||
ist/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmr10.pfb></usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/fon
|
||||
ts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmr5.pfb></usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/fonts/type1
|
||||
/public/amsfonts/cm/cmr7.pfb></usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/
|
||||
amsfonts/cm/cmsy10.pfb></usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/urw/times/utm
|
||||
b8a.pfb></usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/urw/times/utmbi8a.pfb></usr/
|
||||
share/texlive/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/urw/times/utmr8a.pfb></usr/share/texlive/t
|
||||
exmf-dist/fonts/type1/urw/times/utmri8a.pfb>
|
||||
Output written on Report.pdf (2 pages, 446837 bytes).
|
||||
PDF statistics:
|
||||
62 PDF objects out of 1000 (max. 8388607)
|
||||
41 compressed objects within 1 object stream
|
||||
0 named destinations out of 1000 (max. 500000)
|
||||
16 words of extra memory for PDF output out of 10000 (max. 10000000)
|
||||
|
||||
BIN
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/Final Project/Report.pdf
Executable file
BIN
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/Final Project/Report.pdf
Executable file
Binary file not shown.
BIN
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/Final Project/Report.synctex.gz
Executable file
BIN
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/Final Project/Report.synctex.gz
Executable file
Binary file not shown.
88
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/Final Project/Report.tex
Executable file
88
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/Final Project/Report.tex
Executable file
@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
|
||||
\documentclass[journal]{IEEEtran}
|
||||
|
||||
\usepackage{graphicx}
|
||||
\usepackage{natbib}
|
||||
|
||||
\title{Integrating Solar on the Grid}
|
||||
\author{Aidan Sharpe}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{document}
|
||||
\maketitle
|
||||
\begin{abstract}
|
||||
Solar power is becoming more popular every year. Whether it be domestic rooftop panels or an acres-large array, they seem to be on the forefront of renewable electricity. However, there is one thing that puts solar panels apart from almost all other forms of electricity production -- a direct current (DC) output. This difference, while small at first glance, introduces a plethora of engineering challenges to make solar play nicely with the electric grid.
|
||||
\end{abstract}
|
||||
|
||||
\section{Introduction}
|
||||
\IEEEPARstart{D}{epending} on who you ask, solar energy is either an incredible technology that will save the planet, an over-hyped technology that rarely comes up net-carbon zero, or a technology that is really cool in concept but involves doing lots of complicated math. Regardless, when most people think of solar energy, dark blue photo-voltaic (PV) cells often come to mind. While there are several less common forms of solar electricity generation, this is by far the most common. But how do they work, and how can they be incorporated into an electric grid?
|
||||
|
||||
The most important part of understanding any system is getting a surface-level conceptual feel for it. When it comes to solar power on the grid there are a few fundamentals to grasp before diving head-first into math and models. First and foremost, what is a photo-voltaic cell? Etymologically speaking, \textit{"photo"} generally means \textit{with light}, \textit{"voltaic"} has to do with voltage -- a potential to do work with electricity, and a \textit{"cell"} is a small, usually repeating, unit. Therefore, a photo-voltaic cell is a unit that can use light to do work. From a technical standpoint, this is an accurate yet not complete description. It is important to note that the voltage created by a PV cell is nearly constant, and therefore would result in a direct current.
|
||||
|
||||
The same surface-level, conceptual understanding of an electric grid is also important. In North America, the power grid is 120 root mean squared (RMS) volts at 60 hertz. The RMS, a type of averaging technique, of any signal can be found using equation \ref{eq:rms}. However, when the signal is a pure sine wave, like it is on the power grid, it can be found simply by dividing the peak amplitude of the voltage by $\sqrt{2}$. Additionally, since a sine wave is cyclical in nature, it is commonly the case that angular frequency, signified by an $\omega$, is preferred. This angular frequency can be found simply by multiplying the frequency by $2\pi$. The final important component of a power grid is known as phase-shift. Denoted by an angle, $\phi$, phase-shift is basically a measure of how lined up the voltage signal and current signal are. In the case of a power grid, the closer this angle is to 0, the better. The effects of the different variables can be seen in figure \ref{fig:acpower}.
|
||||
% RMS of a function over a time period
|
||||
\begin{equation}
|
||||
\label{eq:rms}
|
||||
f_{RMS}=\sqrt{\frac{1}{T_2 - T_1}\int_{T_1}^{T_2}[f(t)] ^2 dt}
|
||||
\end{equation}
|
||||
|
||||
%image of ac power functions
|
||||
\begin{figure}
|
||||
\centering
|
||||
\includegraphics[scale=0.6]{ACShifts.png}
|
||||
\caption{How amplitude, frequency, and phase-shift affect a function}
|
||||
\label{fig:acpower}
|
||||
\end{figure}
|
||||
|
||||
\section{How do PV Cells Work?}
|
||||
How do photo-voltaic cells \textit{actually} create a voltage with light? The absorption of light creates a voltage due to the photovoltaic effect. What is that? First observed in 1839 by French physicist, Alexandre Edmond Bequerel, when he detected a sunlight induced voltage between two pieces of metal in hydrochloric acid, the photovoltaic effect describes certain conditions that create measurable voltages from photons \citep{Yang2019}.
|
||||
|
||||
In 1954, a team of researchers at Bell Labs in New Jersey invented the silicon solar cell \citep{Yang2019}. Today, solar cells are almost universally made from semiconducting materials, as light can easily cause the movement of electrons in them \cite{Luque2011}.
|
||||
Silicon, known today for its prevalence in the computing industry, is a semi-conducting metalloid.
|
||||
|
||||
Modern solar panel operate on the following principle: when exposed to light a connection between silicon with positively charged impurities and silicon with negatively charged impurities creates a DC voltage \citep{Luque2011}.
|
||||
|
||||
\section{How does the Grid Work?}
|
||||
On the contrary, the power grid runs on alternating current (AC). As summarized earlier, there are three primary variables used to define an AC signal: amplitude (A), angular frequency ($\omega$), and phase-shift ($\phi$). Almost any AC signal can be written in the form shown by equation \ref{eq:ac}.
|
||||
\begin{equation}
|
||||
\label{eq:ac}
|
||||
f(t) = A\cos(\omega t + \phi)
|
||||
\end{equation}
|
||||
|
||||
The reason power grids the world over use AC rather than DC has do with minimizing power loss. As seen in equation \ref{eq:pwrLoss}, power lost is inversely proportional to the square of the input voltage. Therefore, increasing the input voltage will aid in reducing the amount of power lost to the grid.
|
||||
|
||||
AC shines in this case simply because of how easy and inexpensive it is to increase and decrease voltage. As seen in figure \ref{fig:transformer} AC voltage can be increased by many orders of magnitude with minimal power loss simply by passing it through a step up transformer: a circuit comprised of little more than a bunch of coils of wire. This circuit acts like a first class lever for electricity. On the other hand, DC voltage requires much more complex circuitry to achieve even small amounts of voltage increase.
|
||||
%image of transformer
|
||||
\begin{figure}[h]
|
||||
\centering
|
||||
\includegraphics[scale=0.4]{step-up-transformer.png}
|
||||
\caption{Step up transformer \citep{Transformer}}
|
||||
\label{fig:transformer}
|
||||
\end{figure}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{equation}
|
||||
\label{eq:pwrLoss}
|
||||
P_{loss} = \frac{\rho L}{A} \left( \frac{P_{initial}}{V} \right) ^2
|
||||
\end{equation}
|
||||
|
||||
Importantly, the grid is very picky. For the safety of both grid workers and those using it, the power supplied to the grid must exactly match the current power demand. Additionally, the voltage supplied must always be the same and in phase with the current supplied, and the frequency must not vary. If any of these requirements are not met, the safety and reliability of the grid become compromised. Therefore, precautions must be put into place to make sure that voltage is constant and in-phase.
|
||||
|
||||
\section{DC Sources on an AC Grid}
|
||||
For two reasons, ensuring the safety and reliability of the grid becomes difficult when attempting to add a DC supply. First, DC power must be converted to AC power, requiring complex circuitry. Second, communication between all power grid providers must be clear and established to ensure that only the appropriate amount of power is delivered.
|
||||
|
||||
Anyone who has ever powered an appliance off of a car battery has used a DC to AC inverter. While these are much smaller scale than grid-interactive inverters, they often fulfill a quite similar function. A grid-tied DC supply will use a grid-interactive inverter to perform its task. These tasks include: converting DC power to AC power, ensuring that proper voltage and frequency are being created, making sure that power is optimized, and protecting itself and the power grid \citep{Stapleton2011}.
|
||||
|
||||
When inverters are used to provide grid power, they must first pass power through a switchboard. The role of the switchboard is to monitor the system and electrically isolate inverter from the grid in the event of an emergency to prevent power surges and provide general protection \citep{Stapleton2011}. A model of the system is seen in figure \ref{fig:domestic}.
|
||||
|
||||
% image of domestic setup
|
||||
\begin{figure}[h]
|
||||
\centering
|
||||
\includegraphics[scale=0.45]{DomesticSolarModel.png}
|
||||
\caption{Model of domestic grid-enabled solar system \citep{Stapleton2011}}
|
||||
\label{fig:domestic}
|
||||
\end{figure}
|
||||
\section{Conclusions}
|
||||
While supplying the grid with domestic solar power has many complex parts, it is certainly the case that the technology is quite mature. When it comes to adding solar to homes, there are a wide number of options available for consumers and businesses. Large power banks for domestic use might not yet be at the point where they are cheap and sustainable, but they are publicly available nonetheless.
|
||||
|
||||
In the coming years, renewable energy will likely be at the forefront of electrical engineering. Going forward, energy production is probably going to become more local as more and more people adopt at-home alternatives. Manufacturing techniques and broader understanding of incorporating domestic PV arrays on the grid are driving prices down. The day is fast approaching, where a combination of solar and power is more economical than strictly grid power.
|
||||
\bibliography{bib}
|
||||
\bibliographystyle{ieeetr}
|
||||
\end{document}
|
||||
35
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/Final Project/bib.bib
Executable file
35
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/Final Project/bib.bib
Executable file
@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
|
||||
@online{Transformer,
|
||||
author = {Padmavahini Transformers},
|
||||
title = {Step-up Transformer Working and Specification - Manufacturers and Exporters},
|
||||
date = {2013},
|
||||
year = {2013},
|
||||
url = {https://padmavahini-powertransformers.blogspot.com/2013/04/step-up-transformer-working.html}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@book{Yang2019,
|
||||
author = {Deren Yang},
|
||||
title = {Handbook of Photovoltaic Silicon},
|
||||
date = {2019},
|
||||
year = {2019}
|
||||
editor = {Deren Yang},
|
||||
edition = {1},
|
||||
publisher = {Springer},
|
||||
OPTlocation = {Berlin},
|
||||
doi = {10.1007/978-3-662-56472-1}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@book{Luque2011,
|
||||
author = {Antonio Luque and Steven Hegedus},
|
||||
title = {Handbook of Solar Photovoltaic Science},
|
||||
date = {2011},
|
||||
year = {2011},
|
||||
edition = {2},
|
||||
publisher = {Wiley},
|
||||
location = {Chichester, West Sussex, U.K}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@book{Stapleton2011,
|
||||
author = {Geoff Stapleton},
|
||||
title = {Grid-Connected Solar Electric Systems : The Earthscan Expert Handbook for Planning, Design and Installation},
|
||||
year = {2011}
|
||||
|
||||
654
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/Final Project/hitec.cls
Executable file
654
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/Final Project/hitec.cls
Executable file
@ -0,0 +1,654 @@
|
||||
%%
|
||||
%% This is file `hitec.cls',
|
||||
%%
|
||||
%% This program can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms
|
||||
%% of the LaTeX Project Public License Distributed from CTAN
|
||||
%% archives in directory macros/latex/base/lppl.txt; either
|
||||
%% version 1 of the License, or any later version.
|
||||
%%
|
||||
%% Copyright (C) 2001 by Eli Billauer.
|
||||
%% All rights reserved.
|
||||
%%
|
||||
%% Based on article.cls and refman.cls. Some pieces taken from
|
||||
%% fancyhdr.sty as well.
|
||||
%%
|
||||
%% Copyright (C) 1999 LaTeX3 project, all rights reserved.
|
||||
%%
|
||||
%% \CharacterTable
|
||||
%% {Upper-case \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z
|
||||
%% Lower-case \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z
|
||||
%% Digits \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9
|
||||
%% Exclamation \! Double quote \" Hash (number) \#
|
||||
%% Dollar \$ Percent \% Ampersand \&
|
||||
%% Acute accent \' Left paren \( Right paren \)
|
||||
%% Asterisk \* Plus \+ Comma \,
|
||||
%% Minus \- Point \. Solidus \/
|
||||
%% Colon \: Semicolon \; Less than \<
|
||||
%% Equals \= Greater than \> Question mark \?
|
||||
%% Commercial at \@ Left bracket \[ Backslash \\
|
||||
%% Right bracket \] Circumflex \^ Underscore \_
|
||||
%% Grave accent \` Left brace \{ Vertical bar \|
|
||||
%% Right brace \} Tilde \~}
|
||||
\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1995/12/01]
|
||||
\ProvidesClass{hitec}
|
||||
[2001/08/22 v0.0(beta)
|
||||
Hi-tec style document class]
|
||||
\renewcommand{\rmdefault}{phv} % Switch to Helvetica !
|
||||
\newcommand\@ptsize{}
|
||||
\newcommand{\footruleskip}{\normalbaselineskip}
|
||||
\newcommand\@company{\relax}
|
||||
\newcommand\@tcompany{\relax}
|
||||
\newcommand\company[1]{\renewcommand\@company{\textnormal{#1}}%
|
||||
\renewcommand\@tcompany{\par\textnormal{#1}}}
|
||||
\newcommand\@confidential{\relax}
|
||||
\newcommand\@tconfidential{\relax}
|
||||
\newcommand\confidential[1]{\renewcommand\@confidential{\textnormal{#1}}
|
||||
\renewcommand\@tconfidential{\par\textbf{#1}}}
|
||||
\newcommand\fullcenter[1]{\hbox to\linewidth{\hss\hbox to\fullwidth{\parbox[c]{\fullwidth}{\begin{center}#1\end{center}}}}}
|
||||
\newif\if@restonecol
|
||||
\newif\if@titlepage
|
||||
\@titlepagefalse
|
||||
\if@compatibility\else
|
||||
\DeclareOption{a4paper}
|
||||
{\setlength\paperheight {297mm}%
|
||||
\setlength\paperwidth {210mm}}
|
||||
\DeclareOption{a5paper}
|
||||
{\setlength\paperheight {210mm}%
|
||||
\setlength\paperwidth {148mm}}
|
||||
\DeclareOption{b5paper}
|
||||
{\setlength\paperheight {250mm}%
|
||||
\setlength\paperwidth {176mm}}
|
||||
\DeclareOption{letterpaper}
|
||||
{\setlength\paperheight {11in}%
|
||||
\setlength\paperwidth {8.5in}}
|
||||
\DeclareOption{legalpaper}
|
||||
{\setlength\paperheight {14in}%
|
||||
\setlength\paperwidth {8.5in}}
|
||||
\DeclareOption{executivepaper}
|
||||
{\setlength\paperheight {10.5in}%
|
||||
\setlength\paperwidth {7.25in}}
|
||||
\DeclareOption{landscape}
|
||||
{\setlength\@tempdima {\paperheight}%
|
||||
\setlength\paperheight {\paperwidth}%
|
||||
\setlength\paperwidth {\@tempdima}}
|
||||
\fi
|
||||
\if@compatibility
|
||||
\renewcommand\@ptsize{0}
|
||||
\else
|
||||
\DeclareOption{10pt}{\renewcommand\@ptsize{0}}
|
||||
\fi
|
||||
\DeclareOption{11pt}{\renewcommand\@ptsize{1}}
|
||||
\DeclareOption{12pt}{\renewcommand\@ptsize{2}}
|
||||
\if@compatibility\else
|
||||
\DeclareOption{oneside}{\@twosidefalse \@mparswitchfalse}
|
||||
\fi
|
||||
\DeclareOption{twoside}{\@twosidetrue \@mparswitchtrue}
|
||||
\DeclareOption{draft}{\setlength\overfullrule{5pt}}
|
||||
\if@compatibility\else
|
||||
\DeclareOption{final}{\setlength\overfullrule{0pt}}
|
||||
\fi
|
||||
\DeclareOption{titlepage}{\@titlepagetrue}
|
||||
\if@compatibility\else
|
||||
\DeclareOption{notitlepage}{\@titlepagefalse}
|
||||
\fi
|
||||
\if@compatibility\else
|
||||
\DeclareOption{onecolumn}{\@twocolumnfalse}
|
||||
\fi
|
||||
\DeclareOption{twocolumn}{\@twocolumntrue}
|
||||
\DeclareOption{leqno}{\input{leqno.clo}}
|
||||
\DeclareOption{fleqn}{\input{fleqn.clo}}
|
||||
\DeclareOption{openbib}{%
|
||||
\AtEndOfPackage{%
|
||||
\renewcommand\@openbib@code{%
|
||||
\advance\leftmargin\bibindent
|
||||
\itemindent -\bibindent
|
||||
\listparindent \itemindent
|
||||
\parsep \z@
|
||||
}%
|
||||
\renewcommand\newblock{\par}}%
|
||||
}
|
||||
\DeclareOption{twocolumn}{%
|
||||
\ClassError{hitec}
|
||||
{There is no twocolumn layout in this class}
|
||||
{Please remove the 'twocolumn' attribute in the document class declaration}
|
||||
\@twocolumnfalse}
|
||||
\ExecuteOptions{letterpaper,10pt,oneside,onecolumn,final}
|
||||
\ProcessOptions
|
||||
\input{size1\@ptsize.clo}
|
||||
\setlength\lineskip{1\p@}
|
||||
\setlength\normallineskip{1\p@}
|
||||
\renewcommand\baselinestretch{}
|
||||
\setlength\parskip{0\p@ \@plus \p@}
|
||||
\@lowpenalty 51
|
||||
\@medpenalty 151
|
||||
\@highpenalty 301
|
||||
\setlength\headsep {\baselineskip}
|
||||
\newdimen\leftmarginwidth
|
||||
\newdimen\fullwidth
|
||||
\newdimen\emptyfoottopmargin
|
||||
\newdimen\emptyheadtopmargin
|
||||
\newcommand\settextfraction[1]%
|
||||
{
|
||||
\setlength\@tempdima{\paperwidth}
|
||||
\addtolength\@tempdima{-2in}
|
||||
\if@twocolumn
|
||||
\setlength\textwidth{\@tempdima}
|
||||
\else
|
||||
\setlength\fullwidth{\@tempdima}
|
||||
\@settopoint\fullwidth
|
||||
\setlength\textwidth{#1\fullwidth} % This may change
|
||||
\fi
|
||||
\@settopoint\textwidth
|
||||
\setlength\leftmarginwidth{\fullwidth}
|
||||
\addtolength\leftmarginwidth{-\textwidth}
|
||||
\setlength\@tempdima {\paperwidth}
|
||||
\addtolength\@tempdima {-2in}
|
||||
\addtolength\@tempdima {-\fullwidth}
|
||||
\setlength\oddsidemargin {.5\@tempdima}
|
||||
\addtolength\oddsidemargin {\leftmarginwidth}
|
||||
\@settopoint\oddsidemargin
|
||||
\setlength\evensidemargin {\oddsidemargin}
|
||||
\setlength\marginparwidth {\oddsidemargin}
|
||||
\addtolength\marginparwidth {-\marginparsep}
|
||||
\setlength\marginparpush{0\p@}
|
||||
}
|
||||
\settextfraction {0.8} % Play with the text width here!
|
||||
\setcounter{topnumber}{2}
|
||||
\renewcommand\topfraction{.7}
|
||||
\setcounter{bottomnumber}{1}
|
||||
\renewcommand\bottomfraction{.3}
|
||||
\setcounter{totalnumber}{3}
|
||||
\renewcommand\textfraction{.2}
|
||||
\renewcommand\floatpagefraction{.5}
|
||||
\setcounter{dbltopnumber}{2}
|
||||
\renewcommand\dbltopfraction{.7}
|
||||
\renewcommand\dblfloatpagefraction{.5}
|
||||
\if@twoside
|
||||
\def\ps@headings{%
|
||||
\let\@oddfoot\@empty\let\@evenfoot\@empty
|
||||
\def\@evenhead{\thepage\hfil\slshape\leftmark}%
|
||||
\def\@oddhead{{\slshape\rightmark}\hfil\thepage}%
|
||||
\let\@mkboth\markboth
|
||||
\def\sectionmark##1{%
|
||||
\markboth {\MakeUppercase{%
|
||||
\ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\z@
|
||||
\thesection\quad
|
||||
\fi
|
||||
##1}}{}}%
|
||||
\def\subsectionmark##1{%
|
||||
\markright {%
|
||||
\ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\@ne
|
||||
\thesubsection\quad
|
||||
\fi
|
||||
##1}}}
|
||||
\else
|
||||
\def\ps@headings{%
|
||||
\let\@oddfoot\@empty
|
||||
\def\@oddhead{{\slshape\rightmark}\hfil\thepage}%
|
||||
\let\@mkboth\markboth
|
||||
\def\sectionmark##1{%
|
||||
\markright {\MakeUppercase{%
|
||||
\ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne
|
||||
\thesection\quad
|
||||
\fi
|
||||
##1}}}}
|
||||
\fi
|
||||
\def\ps@myheadings{%
|
||||
\let\@oddfoot\@empty\let\@evenfoot\@empty
|
||||
\def\@evenhead{\thepage\hfil\slshape\leftmark}%
|
||||
\def\@oddhead{{\slshape\rightmark}\hfil\thepage}%
|
||||
\let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo
|
||||
\let\sectionmark\@gobble
|
||||
\let\subsectionmark\@gobble
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
\if@titlepage
|
||||
\newcommand\maketitle{\begin{titlepage}%
|
||||
\let\footnotesize\small
|
||||
\let\footnoterule\relax
|
||||
\null\vfil
|
||||
\vskip 60\p@
|
||||
\longthickrule\vskip1.5em%
|
||||
|
||||
\fullcenter{\LARGE \@title}%
|
||||
\vskip1.5em\longthickrule%
|
||||
\vskip 3em%
|
||||
\fullcenter{\large
|
||||
\lineskip .75em%
|
||||
\begin{tabular}[t]{c}%
|
||||
\@author
|
||||
\end{tabular}%
|
||||
\@tcompany\@tconfidential
|
||||
\par}%
|
||||
\vskip 1.5em%
|
||||
\fullcenter{\large \@date \par}% % Set date in \large size.
|
||||
\par
|
||||
\fullcenter{\@thanks}
|
||||
\vfil\null
|
||||
\end{titlepage}%
|
||||
\setcounter{footnote}{0}%
|
||||
\global\let\thanks\relax
|
||||
\global\let\maketitle\relax
|
||||
\global\let\@thanks\@empty
|
||||
\global\let\@date\@empty
|
||||
\global\let\title\relax
|
||||
\global\let\author\relax
|
||||
\global\let\date\relax
|
||||
\global\let\and\relax
|
||||
}
|
||||
\else
|
||||
\newcommand\maketitle{\par
|
||||
\begingroup
|
||||
\renewcommand\thefootnote{\@fnsymbol\c@footnote}%
|
||||
\def\@makefnmark{\rlap{\@textsuperscript{\normalfont\@thefnmark}}}%
|
||||
\long\def\@makefntext##1{\parindent 1em\noindent
|
||||
\hb@xt@1.8em{%
|
||||
\hss\@textsuperscript{\normalfont\@thefnmark}}##1}%
|
||||
\newpage
|
||||
\global\@topnum\z@ % Prevents figures from going at top of page.
|
||||
\@maketitle
|
||||
\thispagestyle{empty}\@thanks
|
||||
\endgroup
|
||||
|
||||
\setcounter{footnote}{0}%
|
||||
\global\let\thanks\relax
|
||||
\global\let\maketitle\relax
|
||||
\global\let\@maketitle\relax
|
||||
\global\let\@thanks\@empty
|
||||
\global\let\@date\@empty
|
||||
\global\let\title\relax
|
||||
\global\let\author\relax
|
||||
\global\let\date\relax
|
||||
\global\let\and\relax
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
\def\@maketitle{%
|
||||
\newpage
|
||||
\null
|
||||
\hbox to\linewidth{\hss\hbox to\fullwidth{\makebox[\fullwidth][c]{\@tconfidential}}}
|
||||
\longthickrule\vskip1.5em%
|
||||
{\secshape \parskip\z@ \parindent\z@
|
||||
\Large\bfseries \@title \par}%
|
||||
\vskip1.5em\longthickrule\vskip1.5em%
|
||||
{\normalsize
|
||||
\lineskip .5em%
|
||||
\begin{flushright}%
|
||||
{\slshape\@author\@tcompany\par}
|
||||
\vskip 1em%
|
||||
{\@date}%
|
||||
\end{flushright}\par}%
|
||||
\vskip 1.5em}
|
||||
|
||||
\fi
|
||||
\setcounter{secnumdepth}{3}
|
||||
\newcounter {part}
|
||||
\newcounter {section}
|
||||
\newcounter {subsection}[section]
|
||||
\newcounter {subsubsection}[subsection]
|
||||
\newcounter {paragraph}[subsubsection]
|
||||
\newcounter {subparagraph}[paragraph]
|
||||
\renewcommand \thepart {\@Roman\c@part}
|
||||
\renewcommand \thesection {\@arabic\c@section}
|
||||
\renewcommand\thesubsection {\thesection.\@arabic\c@subsection}
|
||||
\renewcommand\thesubsubsection{\thesubsection .\@arabic\c@subsubsection}
|
||||
\renewcommand\theparagraph {\thesubsubsection.\@arabic\c@paragraph}
|
||||
\renewcommand\thesubparagraph {\theparagraph.\@arabic\c@subparagraph}
|
||||
\newcommand\part{%
|
||||
\if@noskipsec \leavevmode \fi
|
||||
\par
|
||||
\addvspace{4ex}%
|
||||
\@afterindentfalse
|
||||
\secdef\@part\@spart}
|
||||
|
||||
\def\@part[#1]#2{%
|
||||
\ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne
|
||||
\refstepcounter{part}%
|
||||
\addcontentsline{toc}{part}{\thepart\hspace{1em}#1}%
|
||||
\else
|
||||
\addcontentsline{toc}{part}{#1}%
|
||||
\fi
|
||||
{\parindent \z@ \raggedright
|
||||
\interlinepenalty \@M
|
||||
\normalfont
|
||||
\ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne
|
||||
\Large\bfseries \partname~\thepart
|
||||
\par\nobreak
|
||||
\fi
|
||||
\huge \bfseries #2%
|
||||
\markboth{}{}\par}%
|
||||
\nobreak
|
||||
\vskip 3ex
|
||||
\@afterheading}
|
||||
\def\@spart#1{%
|
||||
{\parindent \z@ \raggedright
|
||||
\interlinepenalty \@M
|
||||
\normalfont
|
||||
\huge \bfseries #1\par}%
|
||||
\nobreak
|
||||
\vskip 3ex
|
||||
\@afterheading}
|
||||
\newcommand\secshape{\leftskip=-\leftmarginwidth%
|
||||
\rightskip=\@flushglue%
|
||||
\hyphenpenalty=2000}
|
||||
\newcommand\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}%
|
||||
{-3.5ex \@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}%
|
||||
{2.3ex \@plus.2ex}%
|
||||
{\secshape\normalfont\Large\bfseries}}
|
||||
\newcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}%
|
||||
{-3.25ex\@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}%
|
||||
{1.5ex \@plus .2ex}%
|
||||
{\secshape\normalfont\large\bfseries}}
|
||||
\newcommand\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}%
|
||||
{-3.25ex\@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}%
|
||||
{1.5ex \@plus .2ex}%
|
||||
{\secshape\normalfont\normalsize\bfseries}}
|
||||
\newcommand\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}%
|
||||
{3.25ex \@plus1ex \@minus.2ex}%
|
||||
{-1em}%
|
||||
{\normalfont\normalsize\bfseries}}
|
||||
\newcommand\subparagraph{\@startsection{subparagraph}{5}{\parindent}%
|
||||
{3.25ex \@plus1ex \@minus .2ex}%
|
||||
{-1em}%
|
||||
{\normalfont\normalsize\bfseries}}
|
||||
\setlength\leftmargini {2.5em}
|
||||
|
||||
\leftmargin \leftmargini
|
||||
\setlength\leftmarginii {2.2em}
|
||||
\setlength\leftmarginiii {1.87em}
|
||||
\setlength\leftmarginiv {1.7em}
|
||||
\setlength\leftmarginv {1em}
|
||||
\setlength\leftmarginvi {1em}
|
||||
\setlength \labelsep {.5em}
|
||||
\setlength \labelwidth{\leftmargini}
|
||||
\addtolength\labelwidth{-\labelsep}
|
||||
\@beginparpenalty -\@lowpenalty
|
||||
\@endparpenalty -\@lowpenalty
|
||||
\@itempenalty -\@lowpenalty
|
||||
\renewcommand\theenumi{\@arabic\c@enumi}
|
||||
\renewcommand\theenumii{\@alph\c@enumii}
|
||||
\renewcommand\theenumiii{\@roman\c@enumiii}
|
||||
\renewcommand\theenumiv{\@Alph\c@enumiv}
|
||||
\newcommand\labelenumi{\theenumi.}
|
||||
\newcommand\labelenumii{(\theenumii)}
|
||||
\newcommand\labelenumiii{\theenumiii.}
|
||||
\newcommand\labelenumiv{\theenumiv.}
|
||||
\renewcommand\p@enumii{\theenumi}
|
||||
\renewcommand\p@enumiii{\theenumi(\theenumii)}
|
||||
\renewcommand\p@enumiv{\p@enumiii\theenumiii}
|
||||
\newcommand\labelitemi{\textbullet}
|
||||
\newcommand\labelitemii{\normalfont\bfseries \textendash}
|
||||
\newcommand\labelitemiii{\textasteriskcentered}
|
||||
\newcommand\labelitemiv{\textperiodcentered}
|
||||
\newenvironment{description}
|
||||
{\list{}{\labelwidth\z@ \itemindent-\leftmargin
|
||||
\let\makelabel\descriptionlabel}}
|
||||
{\endlist}
|
||||
\newcommand*\descriptionlabel[1]{\hspace\labelsep
|
||||
\normalfont\bfseries #1}
|
||||
\newenvironment{abstract}{%
|
||||
\small
|
||||
\begin{center}%
|
||||
{\bfseries \abstractname\vspace{-.5em}\vspace{\z@}}%
|
||||
\end{center}%
|
||||
\quotation
|
||||
}
|
||||
\endquotation
|
||||
|
||||
\newenvironment{verse}
|
||||
{\let\\\@centercr
|
||||
\list{}{\itemsep \z@
|
||||
\itemindent -1.5em%
|
||||
\listparindent\itemindent
|
||||
\rightmargin \leftmargin
|
||||
\advance\leftmargin 1.5em}%
|
||||
\item\relax}
|
||||
{\endlist}
|
||||
\newenvironment{quotation}
|
||||
{\list{}{\listparindent 1.5em%
|
||||
\itemindent \listparindent
|
||||
\rightmargin \leftmargin
|
||||
\parsep \z@ \@plus\p@}%
|
||||
\item\relax}
|
||||
{\endlist}
|
||||
\newenvironment{quote}
|
||||
{\list{}{\rightmargin\leftmargin}%
|
||||
\item\relax}
|
||||
{\endlist}
|
||||
\if@compatibility
|
||||
\newenvironment{titlepage}
|
||||
{%
|
||||
\@restonecolfalse\newpage
|
||||
\thispagestyle{empty}%
|
||||
\setcounter{page}\z@
|
||||
}%
|
||||
{\if@restonecol\twocolumn \else \newpage \fi
|
||||
}
|
||||
\else
|
||||
\newenvironment{titlepage}
|
||||
{%
|
||||
\@restonecolfalse\newpage
|
||||
\thispagestyle{empty}%
|
||||
\setcounter{page}\@ne
|
||||
}%
|
||||
{\if@restonecol\twocolumn \else \newpage \fi
|
||||
\if@twoside\else
|
||||
\setcounter{page}\@ne
|
||||
\fi
|
||||
}
|
||||
\fi
|
||||
\newcommand\appendix{\par
|
||||
\setcounter{section}{0}%
|
||||
\setcounter{subsection}{0}%
|
||||
\gdef\thesection{\@Alph\c@section}}
|
||||
\setlength\arraycolsep{5\p@}
|
||||
\setlength\tabcolsep{6\p@}
|
||||
\setlength\arrayrulewidth{.4\p@}
|
||||
\setlength\doublerulesep{2\p@}
|
||||
\setlength\tabbingsep{\labelsep}
|
||||
\skip\@mpfootins = \skip\footins
|
||||
\setlength\fboxsep{3\p@}
|
||||
\setlength\fboxrule{.4\p@}
|
||||
\renewcommand \theequation {\@arabic\c@equation}
|
||||
\newcounter{figure}
|
||||
\renewcommand \thefigure {\@arabic\c@figure}
|
||||
\def\fps@figure{tbp}
|
||||
\def\ftype@figure{1}
|
||||
\def\ext@figure{lof}
|
||||
\def\fnum@figure{\figurename~\thefigure}
|
||||
\newenvironment{figure}
|
||||
{\@float{figure}}
|
||||
{\end@float}
|
||||
\newenvironment{figure*}
|
||||
{\@dblfloat{figure}}
|
||||
{\end@dblfloat}
|
||||
\newcounter{table}
|
||||
\renewcommand\thetable{\@arabic\c@table}
|
||||
\def\fps@table{tbp}
|
||||
\def\ftype@table{2}
|
||||
\def\ext@table{lot}
|
||||
\def\fnum@table{\tablename~\thetable}
|
||||
\newenvironment{table}
|
||||
{\@float{table}}
|
||||
{\end@float}
|
||||
\newenvironment{table*}
|
||||
{\@dblfloat{table}}
|
||||
{\end@dblfloat}
|
||||
\newlength\abovecaptionskip
|
||||
\newlength\belowcaptionskip
|
||||
\setlength\abovecaptionskip{10\p@}
|
||||
\setlength\belowcaptionskip{0\p@}
|
||||
\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{%
|
||||
\vskip\abovecaptionskip
|
||||
\sbox\@tempboxa{#1: #2}%
|
||||
\ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >\hsize
|
||||
#1: #2\par
|
||||
\else
|
||||
\global \@minipagefalse
|
||||
\hb@xt@\hsize{\hfil\box\@tempboxa\hfil}%
|
||||
\fi
|
||||
\vskip\belowcaptionskip}
|
||||
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\rm}{\normalfont\rmfamily}{\mathrm}
|
||||
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sf}{\normalfont\sffamily}{\mathsf}
|
||||
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\tt}{\normalfont\ttfamily}{\mathtt}
|
||||
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\bf}{\normalfont\bfseries}{\mathbf}
|
||||
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\it}{\normalfont\itshape}{\mathit}
|
||||
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sl}{\normalfont\slshape}{\@nomath\sl}
|
||||
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sc}{\normalfont\scshape}{\@nomath\sc}
|
||||
\DeclareRobustCommand*\cal{\@fontswitch\relax\mathcal}
|
||||
\DeclareRobustCommand*\mit{\@fontswitch\relax\mathnormal}
|
||||
\newcommand\@pnumwidth{1.55em}
|
||||
\newcommand\@tocrmarg{2.55em}
|
||||
\newcommand\@dotsep{4.5}
|
||||
\setcounter{tocdepth}{3}
|
||||
\newcommand\tableofcontents{%
|
||||
\section*{\contentsname
|
||||
\@mkboth{%
|
||||
\MakeUppercase\contentsname}{\MakeUppercase\contentsname}}%
|
||||
\@starttoc{toc}%
|
||||
}
|
||||
\newcommand*\l@part[2]{%
|
||||
\ifnum \c@tocdepth >-2\relax
|
||||
\addpenalty\@secpenalty
|
||||
\addvspace{2.25em \@plus\p@}%
|
||||
\begingroup
|
||||
\parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth
|
||||
\parfillskip -\@pnumwidth
|
||||
{\leavevmode
|
||||
\large \bfseries #1\hfil \hb@xt@\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}}\par
|
||||
\nobreak
|
||||
\if@compatibility
|
||||
\global\@nobreaktrue
|
||||
\everypar{\global\@nobreakfalse\everypar{}}%
|
||||
\fi
|
||||
\endgroup
|
||||
\fi}
|
||||
\newcommand*\l@section[2]{%
|
||||
\ifnum \c@tocdepth >\z@
|
||||
\addpenalty\@secpenalty
|
||||
\addvspace{1.0em \@plus\p@}%
|
||||
\setlength\@tempdima{1.5em}%
|
||||
\begingroup
|
||||
\parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth
|
||||
\parfillskip -\@pnumwidth
|
||||
\leavevmode \bfseries
|
||||
\advance\leftskip\@tempdima
|
||||
\hskip -\leftskip
|
||||
#1\nobreak\hfil \nobreak\hb@xt@\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}\par
|
||||
\endgroup
|
||||
\fi}
|
||||
\newcommand*\l@subsection{\@dottedtocline{2}{1.5em}{2.3em}}
|
||||
\newcommand*\l@subsubsection{\@dottedtocline{3}{3.8em}{3.2em}}
|
||||
\newcommand*\l@paragraph{\@dottedtocline{4}{7.0em}{4.1em}}
|
||||
\newcommand*\l@subparagraph{\@dottedtocline{5}{10em}{5em}}
|
||||
\newcommand\listoffigures{%
|
||||
\section*{\listfigurename
|
||||
\@mkboth{\MakeUppercase\listfigurename}%
|
||||
{\MakeUppercase\listfigurename}}%
|
||||
\@starttoc{lof}%
|
||||
}
|
||||
\newcommand*\l@figure{\@dottedtocline{1}{1.5em}{2.3em}}
|
||||
\newcommand\listoftables{%
|
||||
\section*{\listtablename
|
||||
\@mkboth{%
|
||||
\MakeUppercase\listtablename}{\MakeUppercase\listtablename}}%
|
||||
\@starttoc{lot}%
|
||||
}
|
||||
\let\l@table\l@figure
|
||||
\newdimen\bibindent
|
||||
\setlength\bibindent{1.5em}
|
||||
\newenvironment{thebibliography}[1]
|
||||
{\section*{\refname
|
||||
\@mkboth{\MakeUppercase\refname}{\MakeUppercase\refname}}%
|
||||
\list{\@biblabel{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}%
|
||||
{\settowidth\labelwidth{\@biblabel{#1}}%
|
||||
\leftmargin\labelwidth
|
||||
\advance\leftmargin\labelsep
|
||||
\@openbib@code
|
||||
\usecounter{enumiv}%
|
||||
\let\p@enumiv\@empty
|
||||
\renewcommand\theenumiv{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}%
|
||||
\sloppy
|
||||
\clubpenalty4000
|
||||
\@clubpenalty \clubpenalty
|
||||
\widowpenalty4000%
|
||||
\sfcode`\.\@m}
|
||||
{\def\@noitemerr
|
||||
{\@latex@warning{Empty `thebibliography' environment}}%
|
||||
\endlist}
|
||||
\newcommand\newblock{\hskip .11em\@plus.33em\@minus.07em}
|
||||
\let\@openbib@code\@empty
|
||||
\newenvironment{theindex}
|
||||
{\if@twocolumn
|
||||
\@restonecolfalse
|
||||
\else
|
||||
\@restonecoltrue
|
||||
\fi
|
||||
\columnseprule \z@
|
||||
\columnsep 35\p@
|
||||
\twocolumn[\section*{\indexname}]%
|
||||
\@mkboth{\MakeUppercase\indexname}%
|
||||
{\MakeUppercase\indexname}%
|
||||
\thispagestyle{plain}\parindent\z@
|
||||
\parskip\z@ \@plus .3\p@\relax
|
||||
\let\item\@idxitem}
|
||||
{\if@restonecol\onecolumn\else\clearpage\fi}
|
||||
|
||||
\def\longrule{\hbox to \linewidth{\hss
|
||||
\vrule width \fullwidth height 1.0\p@ depth \z@}}
|
||||
\def\longthickrule{\par\hbox to \linewidth{\hss
|
||||
\vrule width \fullwidth height 3.0\p@ depth \z@}\par}
|
||||
|
||||
\newcommand\@idxitem{\par\hangindent 40\p@}
|
||||
\newcommand\subitem{\@idxitem \hspace*{20\p@}}
|
||||
\newcommand\subsubitem{\@idxitem \hspace*{30\p@}}
|
||||
\newcommand\indexspace{\par \vskip 10\p@ \@plus5\p@ \@minus3\p@\relax}
|
||||
\renewcommand\footnoterule{%
|
||||
\kern-3\p@
|
||||
\hrule\@width.4\columnwidth
|
||||
\kern2.6\p@}
|
||||
\newcommand\@makefntext[1]{%
|
||||
\parindent 1em%
|
||||
\noindent
|
||||
\hb@xt@1.8em{\hss\@makefnmark}#1}
|
||||
\newcommand\contentsname{Contents}
|
||||
\newcommand\listfigurename{List of Figures}
|
||||
\newcommand\listtablename{List of Tables}
|
||||
\newcommand\refname{References}
|
||||
\newcommand\indexname{Index}
|
||||
\newcommand\figurename{Figure}
|
||||
\newcommand\tablename{Table}
|
||||
\newcommand\partname{Part}
|
||||
\newcommand\appendixname{Appendix}
|
||||
\newcommand\abstractname{Abstract}
|
||||
\def\today{\ifcase\month\or
|
||||
January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or June\or
|
||||
July\or August\or September\or October\or November\or December\fi
|
||||
\space\number\day, \number\year}
|
||||
\setlength\columnsep{10\p@}
|
||||
\setlength\columnseprule{0\p@}
|
||||
\pagestyle{plain}
|
||||
\pagenumbering{arabic}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\def\@oddhead{\vbox{\hbox to\linewidth{\hss\hbox to\fullwidth{
|
||||
{\rlap{\parbox[b]{\textwidth}{\raggedright{\@author}}}\hfill%
|
||||
\parbox[b]{\textwidth}{\centering{\@confidential}}\hfill%
|
||||
\llap{\parbox[b]{\textwidth}{\raggedleft{\@company}}}}}}%
|
||||
\vskip 1.0\p@ \longrule }}
|
||||
\def\@oddfoot{\vbox{\vskip\footruleskip%
|
||||
\longrule\vskip1.0\p@%
|
||||
\vskip-\footruleskip%
|
||||
\hbox to\linewidth{\hss\hbox to\fullwidth{%
|
||||
{\rlap{\parbox[t]{0.8\fullwidth}{\raggedright{\textit{\@title}}}}\hfill%
|
||||
\llap{\parbox[t]{\textwidth}{\raggedleft{\thepage}}}}}}}}
|
||||
\def\@evenfoot{\@oddfoot}
|
||||
\def\@evenhead{\@oddhead}
|
||||
|
||||
\if@twoside
|
||||
\else
|
||||
\raggedbottom
|
||||
\fi
|
||||
\onecolumn
|
||||
\endinput
|
||||
%%
|
||||
%% End of file `hitec.cls'.
|
||||
BIN
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/Final Project/hitec_doc.pdf
Executable file
BIN
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/Final Project/hitec_doc.pdf
Executable file
Binary file not shown.
66
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/Final Project/hitec_doc.tex
Executable file
66
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/Final Project/hitec_doc.tex
Executable file
@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
|
||||
\documentclass{hitec}
|
||||
\newcommand{\HT}{\textsc{\raisebox{0.1em}{h}\raisebox{-0.1em}{i}%
|
||||
\raisebox{0.1em}{t}\raisebox{-0.1em}{e}\raisebox{0.1em}{c} }}
|
||||
\title{The \HT class}
|
||||
\author{Eli Billauer}
|
||||
\company{The Company, Ltd}
|
||||
\confidential{\textbf{-- Unlimited Distribution --}}
|
||||
\usepackage{hyperref} % This line is readily ommited of it makes trouble
|
||||
\begin{document}
|
||||
\maketitle
|
||||
\section{The general idea}
|
||||
This short paper is mainly a demonstration page to show what the papers written with
|
||||
this class will look like.
|
||||
|
||||
The document class is a hack on the well-known \texttt{article} class, where pieces of \TeX
|
||||
\hspace{0pt} code has been stolen from a couple of other classes.
|
||||
|
||||
This class completes, in my opinion, the set of tools needed to use \LaTeX \hspace{0pt}
|
||||
in a hi-tec environment, where Microsoft rules too often. I'm delighted by the fact
|
||||
that Xemacs and \LaTeX \hspace{0pt} run in a win32 environment, and that proper pdf's
|
||||
can be produced using utilities such as \texttt{pdflatex} or \texttt{dvipdfm}.
|
||||
These allow me to get a Linux-feeling even when running Windows. Even better: I can
|
||||
write technical documents the way I like, and produce pdf's that noone will complain about.
|
||||
|
||||
But I discovered that there was no way to escape the academic look of the well-known
|
||||
\texttt{article} document class. There are many other classes around, yes, but almost
|
||||
all of them smell quite the same. Academy is not a four-letter word, but when a paper is
|
||||
submitted to your boss, he better not get the wrong impression before even reading it.
|
||||
|
||||
So, in order to solve \emph{my} problem of giving my documents a nice outfit, I started
|
||||
the adventure of modifying \texttt{article}. While doing that, I understood why noone
|
||||
else has yet published such a class...
|
||||
|
||||
\section{hitec vs. article}
|
||||
Papers that were compiled neatly as \texttt{article} are expected to give a fairly nice
|
||||
result right away after changing to \HT. The only exception is that \HT doesn't work
|
||||
with two-column documents. Such documents' compilation will be aborted with an error
|
||||
message.
|
||||
|
||||
Aside from that, the \HT class behaves a bit differently regarding document information:
|
||||
\begin{itemize}
|
||||
\item The \verb+\author+ command \emph{can not} be repeated to
|
||||
present more than one author. This wasn't an attempt to reflect the loneliness of hi-tec
|
||||
workers, as opposed to the academic world, where they always work in pairs. The reason
|
||||
is technical: The author's name appears on all pages (hi-tec, right?) and there's no place
|
||||
for a list of people. In the case of multiple authors (did you waste time working together?)
|
||||
write them all in a single line. Remember that omitting an author can be a very painful
|
||||
mistake, and this will happen with no warning when switching to \HT.
|
||||
%
|
||||
\item The \verb+\company+ command allows you not only to tell who you are,
|
||||
but also who you're working for.
|
||||
%
|
||||
\item The \verb+\confidential+ command has been added, to allow companies
|
||||
to mark their papers as confidential.
|
||||
\end{itemize}
|
||||
\section{Just a small tip}
|
||||
If a pdf is your final target, going \verb+\usepackage{hyperref}+
|
||||
in the beginning of your document is very recommended. The \texttt{hyperref} package
|
||||
will not only create web-like links where there are references to equations or sections,
|
||||
but it also creates the well-known bookmark list.
|
||||
\section{Summary}
|
||||
The \HT class was designed to allow \LaTeX \hspace{0pt} to produce papers that suite
|
||||
the hi-tec world, in functionality and appearance. Together with other free software,
|
||||
a Windows-running PC can become a comfortable platform for creating impressive pdf documents
|
||||
using well-tested tools.
|
||||
\end{document}
|
||||
BIN
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/Final Project/step-up-transformer.png
Executable file
BIN
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/Final Project/step-up-transformer.png
Executable file
Binary file not shown.
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 24 KiB |
21
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/Final Project/texput.log
Executable file
21
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/Final Project/texput.log
Executable file
@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
|
||||
This is pdfTeX, Version 3.141592653-2.6-1.40.22 (TeX Live 2021) (preloaded format=pdflatex 2022.12.13) 20 DEC 2022 14:44
|
||||
entering extended mode
|
||||
restricted \write18 enabled.
|
||||
%&-line parsing enabled.
|
||||
**bib.tex
|
||||
|
||||
! Emergency stop.
|
||||
<*> bib.tex
|
||||
|
||||
*** (job aborted, file error in nonstop mode)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Here is how much of TeX's memory you used:
|
||||
3 strings out of 480806
|
||||
99 string characters out of 5905150
|
||||
281494 words of memory out of 6000000
|
||||
17486 multiletter control sequences out of 15000+600000
|
||||
403430 words of font info for 27 fonts, out of 8000000 for 9000
|
||||
14 hyphenation exceptions out of 8191
|
||||
0i,0n,0p,1b,6s stack positions out of 5000i,500n,10000p,200000b,80000s
|
||||
! ==> Fatal error occurred, no output PDF file produced!
|
||||
BIN
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/RC_Circuit_Lab.pdf
Executable file
BIN
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/RC_Circuit_Lab.pdf
Executable file
Binary file not shown.
331
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/ThermistorTesting.dat
Executable file
331
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/ThermistorTesting.dat
Executable file
@ -0,0 +1,331 @@
|
||||
<Qucs Dataset 0.0.20>
|
||||
<indep Rs 10>
|
||||
+1.00000000000000000000e+04
|
||||
+1.20000000000000000000e+05
|
||||
+2.30000000000000000000e+05
|
||||
+3.40000000000000000000e+05
|
||||
+4.50000000000000000000e+05
|
||||
+5.60000000000000000000e+05
|
||||
+6.70000000000000000000e+05
|
||||
+7.80000000000000000000e+05
|
||||
+8.90000000000000000000e+05
|
||||
+1.00000000000000000000e+06
|
||||
</indep>
|
||||
<indep Rt 10>
|
||||
+1.00000000000000000000e+04
|
||||
+1.20000000000000000000e+05
|
||||
+2.30000000000000000000e+05
|
||||
+3.40000000000000000000e+05
|
||||
+4.50000000000000000000e+05
|
||||
+5.60000000000000000000e+05
|
||||
+6.70000000000000000000e+05
|
||||
+7.80000000000000000000e+05
|
||||
+8.90000000000000000000e+05
|
||||
+1.00000000000000000000e+06
|
||||
</indep>
|
||||
<dep V1.I Rs Rt>
|
||||
-1.64999999999999999098e-04
|
||||
-2.53846153846153863010e-05
|
||||
-1.37499999999999987955e-05
|
||||
-9.42857142857142953632e-06
|
||||
-7.17391304347826024111e-06
|
||||
-5.78947368421052670022e-06
|
||||
-4.85294117647058781016e-06
|
||||
-4.17721518987341753785e-06
|
||||
-3.66666666666666614781e-06
|
||||
-3.26732673267326712856e-06
|
||||
-2.53846153846153761366e-05
|
||||
-1.37500000000000004895e-05
|
||||
-9.42857142857142784226e-06
|
||||
-7.17391304347826193517e-06
|
||||
-5.78947368421052500616e-06
|
||||
-4.85294117647058865719e-06
|
||||
-4.17721518987341753785e-06
|
||||
-3.66666666666666614781e-06
|
||||
-3.26732673267326670504e-06
|
||||
-2.94642857142857141246e-06
|
||||
-1.37500000000000360649e-05
|
||||
-9.42857142857142784226e-06
|
||||
-7.17391304347826024111e-06
|
||||
-5.78947368421052670022e-06
|
||||
-4.85294117647058781016e-06
|
||||
-4.17721518987341753785e-06
|
||||
-3.66666666666666657133e-06
|
||||
-3.26732673267326670504e-06
|
||||
-2.94642857142857098895e-06
|
||||
-2.68292682926829259251e-06
|
||||
-9.42857142857141767786e-06
|
||||
-7.17391304347826024111e-06
|
||||
-5.78947368421052670022e-06
|
||||
-4.85294117647058865719e-06
|
||||
-4.17721518987341753785e-06
|
||||
-3.66666666666666699485e-06
|
||||
-3.26732673267326712856e-06
|
||||
-2.94642857142857098895e-06
|
||||
-2.68292682926829259251e-06
|
||||
-2.46268656716417893931e-06
|
||||
-7.17391304347824668858e-06
|
||||
-5.78947368421052331209e-06
|
||||
-4.85294117647058611609e-06
|
||||
-4.17721518987341753785e-06
|
||||
-3.66666666666666614781e-06
|
||||
-3.26732673267326755208e-06
|
||||
-2.94642857142857098895e-06
|
||||
-2.68292682926829216899e-06
|
||||
-2.46268656716417893931e-06
|
||||
-2.27586206896551732824e-06
|
||||
-5.78947368421053008836e-06
|
||||
-4.85294117647059119829e-06
|
||||
-4.17721518987341669082e-06
|
||||
-3.66666666666666741836e-06
|
||||
-3.26732673267326755208e-06
|
||||
-2.94642857142857141246e-06
|
||||
-2.68292682926829259251e-06
|
||||
-2.46268656716417893931e-06
|
||||
-2.27586206896551648121e-06
|
||||
-2.11538461538461510157e-06
|
||||
-4.85294117647059458642e-06
|
||||
-4.17721518987341499675e-06
|
||||
-3.66666666666666487726e-06
|
||||
-3.26732673267326755208e-06
|
||||
-2.94642857142857141246e-06
|
||||
-2.68292682926829259251e-06
|
||||
-2.46268656716417893931e-06
|
||||
-2.27586206896551690473e-06
|
||||
-2.11538461538461552508e-06
|
||||
-1.97604790419161699405e-06
|
||||
-4.17721518987341838489e-06
|
||||
-3.66666666666666657133e-06
|
||||
-3.26732673267326670504e-06
|
||||
-2.94642857142857056543e-06
|
||||
-2.68292682926829259251e-06
|
||||
-2.46268656716417893931e-06
|
||||
-2.27586206896551732824e-06
|
||||
-2.11538461538461510157e-06
|
||||
-1.97604790419161614702e-06
|
||||
-1.85393258426966244963e-06
|
||||
-3.66666666666668351199e-06
|
||||
-3.26732673267326670504e-06
|
||||
-2.94642857142857141246e-06
|
||||
-2.68292682926829343954e-06
|
||||
-2.46268656716417893931e-06
|
||||
-2.27586206896551690473e-06
|
||||
-2.11538461538461552508e-06
|
||||
-1.97604790419161657053e-06
|
||||
-1.85393258426966266139e-06
|
||||
-1.74603174603174579476e-06
|
||||
-3.26732673267324637625e-06
|
||||
-2.94642857142857480060e-06
|
||||
-2.68292682926829174548e-06
|
||||
-2.46268656716417893931e-06
|
||||
-2.27586206896551732824e-06
|
||||
-2.11538461538461552508e-06
|
||||
-1.97604790419161699405e-06
|
||||
-1.85393258426966244963e-06
|
||||
-1.74603174603174600651e-06
|
||||
-1.64999999999999987239e-06
|
||||
</dep>
|
||||
<dep V_Out.V Rs Rt>
|
||||
+1.64999999999999991118e+00
|
||||
+2.53846153846153832490e-01
|
||||
+1.37499999999999983347e-01
|
||||
+9.42857142857142921377e-02
|
||||
+7.17391304347825969900e-02
|
||||
+5.78947368421052627196e-02
|
||||
+4.85294117647058764753e-02
|
||||
+4.17721518987341708384e-02
|
||||
+3.66666666666666599128e-02
|
||||
+3.26732673267326675925e-02
|
||||
+3.04615384615384598987e+00
|
||||
+1.64999999999999991118e+00
|
||||
+1.13142857142857122810e+00
|
||||
+8.60869565217391330414e-01
|
||||
+6.94736842105263097125e-01
|
||||
+5.82352941176470517703e-01
|
||||
+5.01265822784810133328e-01
|
||||
+4.39999999999999946709e-01
|
||||
+3.92079207920791983355e-01
|
||||
+3.53571428571428481025e-01
|
||||
+3.16249999999999964473e+00
|
||||
+2.16857142857142859427e+00
|
||||
+1.64999999999999991118e+00
|
||||
+1.33157894736842119521e+00
|
||||
+1.11617647058823532547e+00
|
||||
+9.60759493670886088879e-01
|
||||
+8.43333333333333379223e-01
|
||||
+7.51485148514851486468e-01
|
||||
+6.77678571428571463464e-01
|
||||
+6.17073170731707310033e-01
|
||||
+3.20571428571428551635e+00
|
||||
+2.43913043478260860297e+00
|
||||
+1.96842105263157884920e+00
|
||||
+1.65000000000000013323e+00
|
||||
+1.42025316455696182238e+00
|
||||
+1.24666666666666658969e+00
|
||||
+1.11089108910891076754e+00
|
||||
+1.00178571428571427937e+00
|
||||
+9.12195121951219323186e-01
|
||||
+8.37313432835820714573e-01
|
||||
+3.22826086956521729476e+00
|
||||
+2.60526315789473716933e+00
|
||||
+2.18382352941176494099e+00
|
||||
+1.87974683544303822202e+00
|
||||
+1.64999999999999991118e+00
|
||||
+1.47029702970297027065e+00
|
||||
+1.32589285714285720630e+00
|
||||
+1.20731707317073166941e+00
|
||||
+1.10820895522388052079e+00
|
||||
+1.02413793103448269584e+00
|
||||
+3.24210526315789460128e+00
|
||||
+2.71764705882352908262e+00
|
||||
+2.33924050632911395553e+00
|
||||
+2.05333333333333323267e+00
|
||||
+1.82970297029702932967e+00
|
||||
+1.65000000000000013323e+00
|
||||
+1.50243902439024390461e+00
|
||||
+1.37910447761194010496e+00
|
||||
+1.27448275862068971520e+00
|
||||
+1.18461538461538462563e+00
|
||||
+3.25147058823529411242e+00
|
||||
+2.79873417721519013313e+00
|
||||
+2.45666666666666699825e+00
|
||||
+2.18910891089108927687e+00
|
||||
+1.97410714285714261607e+00
|
||||
+1.79756097560975613980e+00
|
||||
+1.64999999999999991118e+00
|
||||
+1.52482758620689651252e+00
|
||||
+1.41730769230769193534e+00
|
||||
+1.32395209580838302266e+00
|
||||
+3.25822784810126542254e+00
|
||||
+2.85999999999999987566e+00
|
||||
+2.54851485148514855794e+00
|
||||
+2.29821428571428620913e+00
|
||||
+2.09268292682926793091e+00
|
||||
+1.92089552238805971740e+00
|
||||
+1.77517241379310330984e+00
|
||||
+1.64999999999999991118e+00
|
||||
+1.54131736526946117039e+00
|
||||
+1.44606741573033725778e+00
|
||||
+3.26333333333333319715e+00
|
||||
+2.90792079207920783901e+00
|
||||
+2.62232142857142846992e+00
|
||||
+2.38780487804878038816e+00
|
||||
+2.19179104477611907953e+00
|
||||
+2.02551724137931055125e+00
|
||||
+1.88269230769230744293e+00
|
||||
+1.75868263473053887402e+00
|
||||
+1.64999999999999991118e+00
|
||||
+1.55396825396825399856e+00
|
||||
+3.26732673267326712008e+00
|
||||
+2.94642857142857117481e+00
|
||||
+2.68292682926829284540e+00
|
||||
+2.46268656716417932984e+00
|
||||
+2.27586206896551690448e+00
|
||||
+2.11538461538461541878e+00
|
||||
+1.97604790419161657766e+00
|
||||
+1.85393258426966300867e+00
|
||||
+1.74603174603174582380e+00
|
||||
+1.64999999999999991118e+00
|
||||
</dep>
|
||||
<dep _net0.V Rs Rt>
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
</dep>
|
||||
0
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/ThermistorTesting.dpl
Executable file
0
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/ThermistorTesting.dpl
Executable file
39
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/ThermistorTesting.sch
Executable file
39
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/ThermistorTesting.sch
Executable file
@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
|
||||
<Qucs Schematic 0.0.20>
|
||||
<Properties>
|
||||
<View=700,220,1740,794,1.08209,0,0>
|
||||
<Grid=10,10,1>
|
||||
<DataSet=ThermistorTesting.dat>
|
||||
<DataDisplay=ThermistorTesting.dpl>
|
||||
<OpenDisplay=1>
|
||||
<Script=ThermistorTesting.m>
|
||||
<RunScript=0>
|
||||
<showFrame=0>
|
||||
<FrameText0=Title>
|
||||
<FrameText1=Drawn By:>
|
||||
<FrameText2=Date:>
|
||||
<FrameText3=Revision:>
|
||||
</Properties>
|
||||
<Symbol>
|
||||
</Symbol>
|
||||
<Components>
|
||||
<GND * 5 1140 600 0 0 0 0>
|
||||
<Vdc V1 1 1140 550 18 -26 0 1 "3.3 V" 1>
|
||||
<.DC DC1 1 780 470 0 37 0 0 "26.85" 0 "0.001" 0 "1 pA" 0 "1 uV" 0 "no" 0 "150" 0 "no" 0 "none" 0 "CroutLU" 0>
|
||||
<R R1 1 1350 480 -26 15 0 0 "Rs" 1 "26.85" 0 "0.0" 0 "0.0" 0 "26.85" 0 "US" 0>
|
||||
<.SW SW1 1 780 560 0 59 0 0 "DC1" 1 "lin" 1 "Rs" 1 "10k Ohm" 1 "1000k Ohm" 1 "10" 1>
|
||||
<R R2 1 1570 480 -26 15 0 0 "Rt" 1 "26.85" 0 "0.0" 0 "0.0" 0 "26.85" 0 "US" 0>
|
||||
<.SW SW2 1 940 560 0 59 0 0 "SW1" 1 "lin" 1 "Rt" 1 "10k Ohm" 1 "1000k Ohm" 1 "10" 1>
|
||||
</Components>
|
||||
<Wires>
|
||||
<1380 480 1540 480 "V_Out" 1450 430 87 "">
|
||||
<1600 480 1700 480 "" 0 0 0 "">
|
||||
<1700 480 1700 600 "" 0 0 0 "">
|
||||
<1140 600 1700 600 "" 0 0 0 "">
|
||||
<1140 580 1140 600 "" 0 0 0 "">
|
||||
<1140 480 1320 480 "" 0 0 0 "">
|
||||
<1140 480 1140 520 "" 0 0 0 "">
|
||||
</Wires>
|
||||
<Diagrams>
|
||||
</Diagrams>
|
||||
<Paintings>
|
||||
</Paintings>
|
||||
10
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/VoltageDivider.dat
Executable file
10
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/VoltageDivider.dat
Executable file
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
|
||||
<Qucs Dataset 0.0.20>
|
||||
<indep V1.I 1>
|
||||
-1.09999999999999984943e-03
|
||||
</indep>
|
||||
<indep source_voltage.V 1>
|
||||
+3.29999999999999982236e+00
|
||||
</indep>
|
||||
<indep divided_voltage.V 1>
|
||||
+1.64999999999999991118e+00
|
||||
</indep>
|
||||
29
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/VoltageDivider.dpl
Executable file
29
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/VoltageDivider.dpl
Executable file
@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
|
||||
<Qucs Schematic 0.0.20>
|
||||
<Properties>
|
||||
<View=0,-70,800,800,1,0,0>
|
||||
<Grid=10,10,0>
|
||||
<DataSet=VoltageDivider.dat>
|
||||
<DataDisplay=VoltageDivider.sch>
|
||||
<OpenDisplay=1>
|
||||
<Script=VoltageDivider.m>
|
||||
<RunScript=0>
|
||||
<showFrame=0>
|
||||
<FrameText0=Title>
|
||||
<FrameText1=Drawn By:>
|
||||
<FrameText2=Date:>
|
||||
<FrameText3=Revision:>
|
||||
</Properties>
|
||||
<Symbol>
|
||||
</Symbol>
|
||||
<Components>
|
||||
</Components>
|
||||
<Wires>
|
||||
</Wires>
|
||||
<Diagrams>
|
||||
<Tab 70 173 389 143 3 #c0c0c0 1 00 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 315 0 225 "" "" "" "">
|
||||
<"divided_voltage.V" #0000ff 0 3 1 0 0>
|
||||
<"source_voltage.V" #0000ff 0 3 0 0 0>
|
||||
</Tab>
|
||||
</Diagrams>
|
||||
<Paintings>
|
||||
</Paintings>
|
||||
39
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/VoltageDivider.sch
Executable file
39
3rd-Semester-Fall-2022/PECA/Labs/VoltageDivider.sch
Executable file
@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
|
||||
<Qucs Schematic 0.0.20>
|
||||
<Properties>
|
||||
<View=90,-120,753,911,1,0,0>
|
||||
<Grid=10,10,1>
|
||||
<DataSet=VoltageDivider.dat>
|
||||
<DataDisplay=VoltageDivider.dpl>
|
||||
<OpenDisplay=1>
|
||||
<Script=VoltageDivider.m>
|
||||
<RunScript=0>
|
||||
<showFrame=0>
|
||||
<FrameText0=Title>
|
||||
<FrameText1=Drawn By:>
|
||||
<FrameText2=Date:>
|
||||
<FrameText3=Revision:>
|
||||
</Properties>
|
||||
<Symbol>
|
||||
</Symbol>
|
||||
<Components>
|
||||
<R R1 1 480 140 -26 15 0 0 "50 Ohm" 1 "26.85" 0 "0.0" 0 "0.0" 0 "26.85" 0 "US" 0>
|
||||
<R R2 1 480 240 -26 15 0 0 "50 Ohm" 1 "26.85" 0 "0.0" 0 "0.0" 0 "26.85" 0 "US" 0>
|
||||
<Vdc V1 1 360 180 18 -26 0 1 "1 V" 1>
|
||||
<GND * 5 360 240 0 0 0 0>
|
||||
<.DC DC1 1 390 320 0 37 0 0 "26.85" 0 "0.001" 0 "1 pA" 0 "1 uV" 0 "no" 0 "150" 0 "no" 0 "none" 0 "CroutLU" 0>
|
||||
</Components>
|
||||
<Wires>
|
||||
<510 140 560 140 "divided_voltage" 580 110 36 "">
|
||||
<560 140 560 160 "" 0 0 0 "">
|
||||
<510 240 560 240 "" 0 0 0 "">
|
||||
<560 160 560 240 "" 0 0 0 "">
|
||||
<560 160 610 160 "" 0 0 0 "">
|
||||
<360 140 450 140 "" 0 0 0 "">
|
||||
<360 140 360 150 "" 0 0 0 "">
|
||||
<360 240 450 240 "" 0 0 0 "">
|
||||
<360 210 360 240 "" 0 0 0 "">
|
||||
</Wires>
|
||||
<Diagrams>
|
||||
</Diagrams>
|
||||
<Paintings>
|
||||
</Paintings>
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user